Unit 1 Flashcards
Midterm Exam
how can trade lead to economic prosperity and political power?
the growth of trade routes in Italy led to prosperous states with rich merchants and large urban (City) centers
the trade routes connected Italy with other cultures
the percentage of population grew - more middle class. (burghers)
Consumer demands for goods increased state’s power and wealth…decreased church’s power.
what conditions can encourage a desire for reform
discontent with how things are going in society
who was Machiavelli?
Machiavelli wrote the Prince. He believed in the importance of the individual. He rejected the popular idea that rulers should base their decisions on moral or religious principles. He said rulers should take actions necessary to maintain their power. A ruler should use his own judgment to decide what is best for the state.
who was the Medici Family?
Medici family was a wealthy family in Florence. Used their wealth to influence government. Patron of the arts.
Who was Charles V?
He was Holy Roman Emperor during the Reformation. He tried to get rid of Luther by excommunicating him. later he made peace with him because he realized he could not beat him.
compare and contrast the Italian Renaissance with the Northern Rennaissance
Italian Renaissance: focus on art, accuracy, realistic, 3d, perspective, sculptors,
Northern Renaissance: smaller scale, not as big spaces, Flemish painters, oil paintings, detail (not perspective)
What was the Peace of Augsberg
The Holy Roman Empire was forced to seek peace with the Lutherans. Ended religious warfare between Italy and Germany. Charles V couldn’t beat them (he had too many wars going on), agreed to the Peace of Augsberg, accepting division between Catholics and Lutherans -German princes could choose which religion was practiced in their state.
what was mechantilism?
a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the 17c it held that prosperity for a nation depended on large supply of gold and silver ($)
who was Martin Luther?
Luther was a Catholic monk who broke from the Catholic Church and spread new ideas. 95 Theses. wanted people to develop their own faith, only road to salvation was belief (not good deeds or indulgences).
who was Pope Paul III
He was pope of the Catholic Church during the reformation
Who were the Jesuits?
A spanish noble named Ignatius of Loyola created the order of the Jesuits, which used education to spread its message about Catholics.
Who was John Calvin?
Part of the English Reformation. John Calvin became a protestant leader. He believed in predestination. Calvin believed that a person’s ability to achieve salvation was determined at birth.
What was the Edict of Worms?
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Edict of Worms, which declared that Luther was an outlaw within the empire. Charles V wanted Luther to give up his new ideas about Christianity.
Why was the Council of Trent important?
The Catholic Church needed to reform itself (counter reformation). Pope Paul III appointed a reform commission (a meeting that lasted 18 years) to examine the corruption of the Catholic Church. The Council of Trent reaffirmed the beliefs and created a clear doctrine (rules) - determined what was acceptable and what was not.
What effect did humanism have on education/society
studied “liberal arts,” had a secular focus, studied history, ethics, grammar, logic, math, music
humanism focused on the study of the classics - ancient Greece and ancient Rome.
intended for schools to produce well rounded citizens, not scholars. Printing press helped make more books available and increase literacy and research.
