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Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius origin

A

Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae

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2
Q

trapezius insertion

A

Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

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3
Q

trapezius innervation

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor fibers) and C3, C4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibers

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4
Q

trapezius actions

A

Descending: elevates
Ascending: depresses
Middle/all parts together: retracts scapula
Descending and ascending: rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

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5
Q

rhomboid major origin

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae

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6
Q

rhomboid major insertion

A

Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

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7
Q

rhomboid major innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

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8
Q

rhomboid major action

A

Retract scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall

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9
Q

rhomboid minor origin

A

Nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae

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10
Q

rhomboid minor insertion

A

Smooth triangular area at medial end of scapular spine

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11
Q

rhomboid minor innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve C4 C5

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12
Q

rhomboid minor action

A

Retract scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall

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13
Q

levator scapula origin

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

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14
Q

levator scapulae insertion

A

Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine

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15
Q

levator scapulae innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5) and cervical (C3, C4) nerves

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16
Q

levator scapulae action

A

Elevates scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

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17
Q

supraspinatus origin

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

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18
Q

supraspinatus insertion

A

superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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19
Q

supraspinatus innervation

A

suprascapular nerve C4, C5, C6

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20
Q

supraspinatus action

A

initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm; acts with rotator cuff muscles

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21
Q

infraspinatus origin

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

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22
Q

infraspinatus insertion

A

middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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23
Q

infraspinatus innervation

A

Suprascapular nerve C5 C6

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24
Q

infraspinatus action

A

laterally rotates arm; acts with rotator cuff muscles

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25
Q

teres minor origin

A

middle part of lateral border of scapula

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26
Q

teres minor insertion

A

inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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27
Q

teres minor innervation

A

axillary nerve C5 C6

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28
Q

teres minor action

A

laterally rotates arm; acts with rotator cuff muscles

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29
Q

teres major origin

A

posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

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30
Q

teres major insertion

A

medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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31
Q

teres major innervation

A

lower subscapular nerve C5 C6

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32
Q

teres major action

A

adducts and medially rotates arm

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33
Q

pectoralis major origin

A

Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

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34
Q

pectoralis major insertion

A

lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

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35
Q

pectoralis major innervation

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head C5 C6, sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)

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36
Q

pectoralis major action

A

adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. Acting alone, clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it from flexed position

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37
Q

pectoralis minor origin

A

3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages

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38
Q

pectoralis minor insertion

A

medial border and superior surface of coracoid process

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39
Q

pectoralis minor innervation

A

medial pectoral nerve C8 T1

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40
Q

pectoralis minor action

A

stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall

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41
Q

serratus anterior origin

A

external surfaces of lateral parts of 1st through 8th ribs

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42
Q

serratus anterior insertion

A

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

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43
Q

serratus anterior innervation

A

long thoracic nerve C5 C6 C7

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44
Q

serratus anterior action

A

protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall, rotates scapula

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45
Q

deltoid origin

A

anterior lateral third of clavicle, middle: acromion, posterior: spine of scapula

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46
Q

deltoid insertion

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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47
Q

deltoid innervation

A

axillary nerve C5 C6

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48
Q

deltoid action

A

Clavicular (anterior): flexes and medially rotates arm acromial (middle): abducts arm
spinal (posterior): extends and laterally rotates arm

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49
Q

subscapularis origin

A

subscapular fossa (most of anterior scapula)

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50
Q

subscapularis insertion

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

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51
Q

subscapularis innervation

A

upper and lower subscapularis nerves C5 C6 C7

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52
Q

subscapularis actions

A

medially rotates arm; as part of rotator cuff, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity

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53
Q

subclavius origin

A

junction of first rib and costal cartilage

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54
Q

subclavius insertion

A

inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

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55
Q

subclavius innervation

A

nerve to subclavius C5 C6

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56
Q

subclavius action

A

anchors and depresses clavicle

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57
Q

coracobrachialis origin

A

tip of coracoid process of scapula

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58
Q

coracobrachialis insertion

A

middle third of medial surface of humerus

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59
Q

coracobrachialis innervation

A

musculotaneous nerve C5 C6 C7

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60
Q

coracobrachialis action

A

helps flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation of the shoulder

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61
Q

biceps brachii origin

A

short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula

long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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62
Q

biceps brachii insertion

A

tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

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63
Q

biceps brachii innervation

A

musculotaneous nerve C5 C6 C7

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64
Q

biceps brachii action

A

supinates forearm and when supine flexes forearm; short head resists dislocation of the shoulder

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65
Q

brachialis origin

A

distal half of anterior surface of humerus

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66
Q

brachialis insertion

A

coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna

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67
Q

brachialis innervation

A

musculotaneous C5 C6 radial nerve C5 C7

68
Q

brachialis action

A

flexes forearm in all positions

69
Q

brachioradialis origin

A

proximal two thirds of supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus

70
Q

brachioradialis insertion

A

lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process

71
Q

brachioradialis innervation

A

radial nerve C5 C6 C7

72
Q

brachioradialis action

A

relatively weak flexion of the forearm; maximal when forearm is in mid-pronated position

73
Q

triceps brachii origin

A

long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: posterior to surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

74
Q

triceps brachii insertion

A

proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

75
Q

triceps brachii innervation

A

radial nerve C6 C7 C8

76
Q

triceps brachii action

A

chief extensor of the forearm; long head resists dislocation of the humerus; especially important during adduction

77
Q

pronator teres origin

A

Ulnar head: coronoid process humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)

78
Q

pronator teres insertion

A

middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius

79
Q

pronator teres innervation

A

median nerve C6 C7

80
Q

pronator teres action

A

pronates and flexes forearm (at elbow)

81
Q

palmaris longus origin

A

medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)

82
Q

palmaris longus insertion

A

distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis

83
Q

palmaris longus innervation

A

median nerve C7 C8

84
Q

palmaris longus action

A

flexes hand (at wrist) and tenses palmar aponeurosis

85
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris origin

A

humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin) ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna (via aponeurosis)

86
Q

FCU insertion

A

pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal

87
Q

FCU innervation

A

ulnar nerve C8 T1

88
Q

FCU action

A

flexes and adducts hand (at wrist)

89
Q

flexor carpi radialis origin

A

medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)

90
Q

FCR insertion

A

base of 2nd metacarpal

91
Q

FCR innervation

A

Median nerve C6 C7

92
Q

FCR action

A

flexes and abducts hand at wrist

93
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis origin

A

humeral head: medial epicondyle (common flexor origin and coronoid process) radial head: superior half of anterior border

94
Q

FDS insertion

A

shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits

95
Q

FDS innervation

A

median nerve C7 C8 T1

96
Q

FDS action

A

flexes middle phalanges at PIP’s of middle four digits; acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at MCP’s

97
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus origin

A

proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

98
Q

FDP insertion

A

medial part: bases of distal phalanges of 4th and 5th digits

Lateral part: bases of distal phalanges of 2nd and 3rd digits

99
Q

FDP innervation

A

medial part*: ulnar nerve C8 T1 lateral part: anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve C8 T1

100
Q

FDP action

A

medial part: flexes distal phalanges 4 and 5 at DIP joints

lateral part: flexes distal phalanges 2 and 3 at DIP joints

101
Q

Flexor pollicis longus origin

A

anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

102
Q

FPL insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of thumb

103
Q

FPL innervation

A

anterior interosseous nerve C8 T1

104
Q

FPL action

A

flexes phalanges of 1st digit

105
Q

pronator quadratus origin

A

distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna

106
Q

pronator quadratus insertion

A

distal quarter of anterior surface of RADIUS

107
Q

pronator quadratus innervation

A

anterior interosseous nerve C8 T1

108
Q

pronator quadratus action

A

pronates forearm; deep fibers bind radius and ulna together

109
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus origin

A

lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus

110
Q

ECRL insertion

A

dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

111
Q

ECRL innervation

A

radial nerve C6 C7

112
Q

ECRL action

A

extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint; ECRL active during fist clenching

113
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

114
Q

ECRB insertion

A

dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

115
Q

ECRB innervation

A

*deep branch of radial nerve C7 C8

116
Q

ECRB action

A

extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint

117
Q

Extensor digitorum origin

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

118
Q

Extensor digitorum insertion

A

Extensor expansions of medial four digits

119
Q

Extensor digitorum nerve

A

Deep radial C7 C8

120
Q

Extensor digitorum action

A

Extends medial four digits primarily at MCPs and secondarily at IP joints

121
Q

extensor digiti minimi origin

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

122
Q

extensor digit minimi insertion

A

extensor expansion of 5th digit

123
Q

extensor digiti minimi nerve

A

deep radial C7 C8

124
Q

extensor digiti minimi action

A

extends the 5th digit primarily at the MCP, secondarily at the IP

125
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulna via shared aponeurosis

126
Q

ECU insertion

A

dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal

127
Q

ECU innervation

A

deep radial C7 C8

128
Q

ECU action

A

extends and adducts hand at wrist joint (also active during fist clenching)

129
Q

Supinator origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral and annular ligaments; supinator fossa; crest of ulna

130
Q

supinator insertion

A

lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

131
Q

supinator nerve

A

deep radial C7 C8

132
Q

supinator action

A

Supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)

133
Q

Abductor pollicis longus origin

A

posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane

134
Q

Abductor pollicis longus insertion

A

base of 1st metacarpal

135
Q

Abductor pollicis longus nerve

A

POSTERIOR interosseous C7 C8

136
Q

Abductor pollicis longus action

A

abducts thumb and extends it at the carpometacarpal joint

137
Q

Extensor pollicis longus origin

A

posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane

138
Q

Extensor pollicis longus insertion

A

dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb

139
Q

Extensor pollicis longus nerve

A

posterior interosseous C7 C8

140
Q

Extensor pollicis longus action

A

ALL: extends distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint; extends MCP and carpometacarpal joints

141
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis origin

A

posterior surface of distal third of radius*** and interosseous membrane

142
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis insertion

A

dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx of thumb

143
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis nerve

A

posterior interosseous C7 C*

144
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis action

A

extends proximal phalanx of the thumb at MCP; extends carpometacarpal joint

145
Q

Extensor indicis origin

A

posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane

146
Q

Extensor indicis insertion

A

Extensor expansion of 2nd digit

147
Q

Extensor indicis nerve

A

posterior interosseous C7 C8

148
Q

Extensor indicis action

A

extends the 2nd digit for independent expansion; helps to extend hand and wrist

149
Q

abductor pollicis brevis nerve

A

recurrent branch of median nerve C8 T1

150
Q

abductor pollicis brevis action

A

abducts thumb, helps oppose it

151
Q

flexor pollicis brevis nerve

A

SUPERFICIAL: recurrent branch of median nerve C8 T1
DEEP: deep ulnar C8 T1

152
Q

flexor pollicis brevis action

A

flexes thumb

153
Q

opponens pollicis nerve

A

recurrent branch of median nerve C8 T1

154
Q

opponens pollicis action

A

to oppose thumb: draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially

155
Q

adductor pollicis nerve

A

deep ulnar C8 T1

156
Q

adductor pollicis action

A

adducts thumb toward lateral border of the palm

157
Q

abductor digiti minimi nerve

A

deep ulnar C8 T1

158
Q

abductor digiti minimi action

A

abducts 5th digit; assists in flexion of proximal phalanx

159
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis nerve

A

deep ulnar C8 T1

160
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis action

A

flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

161
Q

opponens digiti minimi nerve

A

deep ulnar C8 T1

162
Q

opponens digiti minimi action

A

draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit in opposition with thumb

163
Q

Dorsal interossei nerve

A

deep ulnar C8 T1

164
Q

Dorsal interossei action

A

abduction 2nd to 4th digits from axial line; act with lumbricals in flexing MCP joints and extending IP joints

165
Q

palmar interossei nerve

A

deep ulnar C8 T1

166
Q

palmar interossei action

A

adduct 2, 4 and 5 digits TOWARD axial line; assist with lumbricals for MCP flexion and IP extension; extensor expansions of 2-4

Anatomy (6 decks)

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