Unit 2

Question 1

List 3 states of matter

Answer 1

Solid, liquid, gas

Question 2

Define the term element and identify the four major elements in the body

Answer 2

Elements are composed of the same atoms

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

A substance that can be broken down into two or more elements by chemical means

Question 4

Molecule

Answer 4

Combination of two or more elements in a chemical reaction

Question 5

Ion

Answer 5

Most atoms have to many or too few electrons in their outermost energy level

Question 6

Cation

Answer 6

Deficient electrons in outermost orbital which creates a net positive charge

Question 7

Anion

Answer 7

An atom gains an electron from another atom creating an overall negative charge (ex. Cl-)

Question 8

Ionic

Answer 8

The electrostatic bond between 2 ions formed through the transfer of 1 or more electrons

Question 9

Covalent

Answer 9

The sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Question 10

Hydrogen

Answer 10

A weak bond between 2 molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in 1 molecule

Question 11

pH

Answer 11

Value used to express the acidity of basic its of a solution ranging from 0.0 to 14.0

Question 12

7 is…

Answer 12

Neutral

Question 13

Below 7 is…

Answer 13

Acidic

Question 14

Above 7 is…

Answer 14

Basic or alkaline

Question 15

What is the pH of blood

Answer 15

7.35-7.45

Basic

Question 16

Describe the properties of water that make it so valuable to the human body

Answer 16

• universal solvent
• participants in ornis chemical in many chemical reactions
• absorbs and releases heat very slowly
• functions as a lubricant in various regions of the body

Question 17

Organic

Answer 17

Contains one or more carbon atoms, contains hydrogen atoms, almost exclusively held together by covalent bonds
Ex carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleus acids

Question 18

Inorganic

Answer 18

Small ironically bonded molecules, generally lack a carbon atom, vital to normal physiological
Ex water acids bases salts

Question 19

Carbohydrates functions

Answer 19

Structural units of DNA and rna energy source (4.5kcal/gm)

Only energy source for brain and nerve cells

Question 20

Protein functions

Answer 20

All contain c,h,o,n

Composed of molecules called amino acids (20)

Question 21

Lipid functions

Answer 21

Most are insoluble in water

Made up of c, h, and o in structural units called fatty acids and glycerois

Question 22

Chemistry

Answer 22

Chemical basis of the body

Question 23

Matter

Answer 23

Any that has mass and occupies space

Question 24

Matter is made up of ….. blocks called …..

Answer 24

Chemical building, elements

Question 25

Elements …. be …… into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

Answer 25

Cannot, broken down

Question 26

How many elements are in the body

Answer 26

109 ( 92 occur naturally)

Question 27

….. elements found in the body

Answer 27

26

Question 28

C,h,o, n make up what percent of the body

Answer 28

96%

Question 29

Atoms

Answer 29

Smallest unit of matter

Question 30

What 2 basic components are atoms made of

Answer 30

Nucleus

Outer energy levels or clouds

Question 31

Protons have a …. charge

Answer 31

Positive

Question 32

Number of …. is elements atomic number

Answer 32

Protons

Question 33

…. are uncharged

Answer 33

Neutrons

Question 34

Number of ….. plus the number of …. for the elements atomic weight

Answer 34

Protons, neutrons

Question 35

Electrons

Answer 35

Negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus

Question 36

Number of …. always equals the number of ….. in an atom

Answer 36

Electrons, protons

Question 37

Valance

Answer 37

The number of extra or deficient electrons in outermost orbital

Question 38

All….. are…. but not all ….. are …..

Answer 38

Compounds, molecules, molecules, compounds

Question 39

Electrolytes

Answer 39

Ions in solution

Question 40

What does pH stand for

Answer 40

Parts hydrogen

Question 41

Peptide bond

Answer 41

Amino acids joined together at the n atoms in a chemical bond