Endocrine Flashcards
Hormones
Function: regulate chemical and volume of the body’s internal environment
Regulates metabolism and energy balance
Regulates contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle
Pituitary gland
Often called master gland because it secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands
Divide into 2 parts , anterior posterior
Human growth hormone
Most abundant anterior pituitary hormone
Stimulates growth of body cells
Stimulate protein synthesis
Stimulates lipoysis (fat breakdown)
Inhibits protein breakdown
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Also called thyrotropin
Influences the body’s metabolic rate
Stimulates the secretion of
T3- triiodothyronine
T4- thyroxine
Thyroid gland hormones
Located just below the larynx with its lines lying on either side of the trachea
The right and left loves are connected to each other by the isthmus
The only gland that can store its secretory product in large quantities
X normally about a 100 day supply
Thyroid hormones
Thyroxine
X contains 4 iodine atoms
X normally secreted in greater quantity
X most is converted to t3 by the removal of an iodine atom
Actions of the thyroid hormones
Regulates oxygen utilization and nasal metabolic rate
Regulates cellular metabolism
X increases photo synthesis
X increase lipolysis
X increases glucose use in the atp production
Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus
Function: growth hormone releasing hormone
Thyrotropin
Corticotrolie
Anti diuretic
Oxytocin
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Targets anterior pituitary, causing an increase in secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone
Corticotropie releasing hormone
Targets a.p, causing an increase in secretion of adrenocort cotropic hormone
Antidiurectic hormone
Produced in hypothalamus
Stored in posterior pituitary
Oxytocin hormone
Produced in hypothalamus
Stored in posterior pituitary
Adrenal glands
Located superior to each kidney
Structurally divides into 2 regions
Adrenal cortex
X outer region
X makes up majority of the gland
Adrenal medulla
X inner portion of the gland
X contains 2 sets of hormone producing cells
X under direct control of the autonomic nervous system
Glucocorticoids
Regulates metabolism
Influences resistance to stress
Cortisol
X makes up 95% of Gluco corticoids
X primary role is that of gluconeogensis
Promotes normal metabolism
Regulates by the secretion of acth
Hormones of adrenal medulla
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Makes up 80% of the secreations from the adrenal medulla
Responsible for flight or fight response
Helps the body cope with stress
Pancreas
Flattened alone organ located just posterior and slightly inferior to the stomach
Both an endocrine and exocrine gland
Endocrine tissue of the pancreas is called the pancreatic islets
Cell types of the langerhans
Alpha cells: secrete glucagon
X raises blood sugar
Beta cells: secrete insulin
X lowers blood sugar
Glucagon
Increases blood sugar when it falls below normal ranges
Main target is liver
Accelerates the conversion of glycogen Into glucose
Promotes the formation of glucose from lactic acid and certain amino acids
Suppressed appetite
Insulin
Decreases blood glucose levels if it gets too high
Accelerates the teenager of glucose from the blood I to the body’s cells
Accerates the conversion of glucose to glycogen
Accelerates the conversion of glucose or other nutrients into fatty acids
Influences by increased levels of certain amino acids and hormones
