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GCSE PE > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Fatigue

A

A feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness

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2
Q

What does fatigue decrease?

A

Temporarily decreases:
Strength and energy
Concentration levels
Skills levels as speed and strength decrease

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3
Q

What does fatigue result in?

A

Parts of the body not being able to carry on with physical activity
Local Muscular Fatigue
Injury

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4
Q

Local Muscular Fatigue

A

when a muscle, or group of muscles, is unable to carry on contracting and movement stops

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5
Q

Why can fatigue lead to injury?

A

Techniques are not being carried out properly which can result in injury.

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6
Q

Stress

A

Stress is the body’s reaction to a change that requires physical, mental or emotional adjustment or response

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7
Q

What can stress lead to in sports?

A

People can become more aroused if stressed

People may become more aggressive

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8
Q

What can stress lead to generally?

A

Excitement or suspense- this leads to tension which can cause tightness in the muscles

Anxiety- makes you feel uneasy and apprehensive before and during a performance, which can lead to mistakes being made.

Nervousness- adds to tension levels, which can lead to sickness or shaking, which may lead to mistakes being made

Motivation decreases

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9
Q

What are the physical effects of stress?

A

Shaking
Sweating
Tightness in muscles
Butterflies/sick feeling

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10
Q

Motivation

A

your drive to succeed and desire to achieve something

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11
Q

What can prevent injury?

A

Correct techniques being used at all times

Playing withing the rules of the game

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12
Q

Internally caused injuries

A

An injury which the performer is solely responsible

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13
Q

Name the two types of internal injury

A

Overuse Injury

Sudden Injury

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14
Q

What is an overuse injury?

A

Can be caused by performing or training too much. Include stress fractures and muscle and tendon injuries

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15
Q

What is a sudden injury?

A

strain put on the body due to lots of stretching, twisting and turning, resulting in problems like hamstring pulls

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16
Q

Stress Fracture

A

A break in the bone caused by repeated application of a heavy load or constant pounding

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17
Q

Externally Caused Injuries

A

Injuries caused by external factors like equipment, opponents or playing conditions

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18
Q

What can cause external injuries?

A

Foul play or incorrect actions
Impact injuries- impact with equipment, players or playing surface
Equipment/Clothing-equipment that is damaged, faulty or badly fitting equipment or clothes e.g. shoes or clothing for trampolining

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19
Q

What precautions must be held before physical activity?

A

A risk assessment
Warm ups
Rules and conduct should be followed

20
Q

Name the types of joint and muscle injuries

A

sprains, strains, pulled muscles, cramps, dislocations

21
Q

What must be done if a joint or muscle injury occurs?

A

Rest- stop physical activity
Ice- apply ice to area to relieve pain and reduce swelling
Compression- give support and pressure to area
Elevation- decreases circulation to area

22
Q

Sprain

A

The tearing of ligaments at a joint

23
Q

Strain

A

The overstretching of a muscle rather than a joint

24
Q

When is aerobic respiration used?

A

Over long period of medium or low intensity physical activity

25
Q

Gaseous Exchange

A

When the oxygen in the air is taken in and replace with carbon dioxide

26
Q

Aleveoli

A

Small air sacs where gaseous exchange happens

27
Q

Intercostal Muscles

A

Muscles between the ribs

28
Q

Sternum

A

Chest or breast bone

29
Q

When do we use anaerobic respiration?

A

When the body has a lack of oxygen and only in short bursts of high intensity physical activity e.g. sprinting

30
Q

What is used instead of oxygen to produce energy in anaerobic respiration?

A

Glycogen

31
Q

For how long can one respire anaerobically?

A

Approximately up to 60 seconds

32
Q

What are the disadvantages of lactic acid?

A

Causes discomfort in the muscles

33
Q

How can the discomfort in the muscles caused by lactic acid be prevented

A

By doing a warm-down, which helps the lactic acid to disperse

34
Q

What happens after vigorous exercise?

A

We have to take in extra oxygen and we feel out of breathe

35
Q

Why is extra oxygen necessary after vigorous exercise?

A

Helps to convert lactic acid into simple waste products

36
Q

In what ways are waste products removed from the body

A

Expiration of breathe- carbon dioxide is removed from the lungs
Perspiaration- sweating allows us to cool down and removes extra water
Urine and faeces- removes excess water and waste products

37
Q

Functions of blood

A

transport oxygen, water and nutrients to all parts of bodies
white blood cells fight infections, as well as blood clots
Body temperature is regulated as the blood absorbs heat and carries it to lungs and skin for release

38
Q

Name the three types of blood vessels

A

Arteries, Veins, and cappilaries

39
Q

Give the properties of arteries

A

thick walls. Carry high pressure oxygenated blood away from heart.

40
Q

Give the properties of veins

A

carry deoxygenated back to heart. Have thin walls. Have valves to prevent back flow

41
Q

Give the properties of capillaries

A

one cell thick and allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through their walls

42
Q

Cardiovascular endurance

A

The ability of the heart and lungs to keep supplying oxygen to the rest of the body

43
Q

How do you work out MHR

A

220 - age

44
Q

What is the aerobic training zone?

A

60-80% of the MHR

45
Q

What is the anaerobic training zone

A

80-90% of MHR

46
Q

How can one check cardiovascular endurance?

A

Resting pulse rate- lower this is, the better your cardiovascular endurance
Pulse recovery rate- the quicker this returns to normal, the higher your endurance levels are

GCSE PE (8 decks)

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