GCSE PE- Unit 1 Flashcards
What factors of physical activity decrease with age?
Flexibilty
Strength after peak years
Injury Recovery
What factors of physical activity increase with age?
Skill levels because of more experience
Disability can be considered to exist in which four categories?
Physical
Mental
Permanent
Temporary
Give examples of what is done to make sport accessible to disabled people
Competitions only for disabled people e.g. Paralympic games
Adapted Sports e.g. wheelchair basketball- rules are adapted
Adapted equipment e.g. footballs with bells in them for blind footballers
Disability classification so that people with similar disabilities are competing against each other
What is a legal requirement for sports facilities?
To cater for all disabled people
In what ways do facilities cater for disabled people
Doors and doorways have to be wide to allow wheelchair access and raps must be provided
Disabled parking bays must be made visible and available
Lifts must allow access to upper floors
Specific activities for disabled
Name the physical differences in men and women
Women tend to be smaller
Women have smaller and flatter pelvises
Women have smaller lungs and heart than men
Women have a higher percentage of fat (25%)
Men have larger muscle mass
What is the disadvantage of having smaller heart and lungs?
A lower oxygen carrying capacity
What is the advantage of having less muscle mass?
It allows higher flexibility in females
What disadvantage do females have when participating?
Females menstruate and suffer a hormonal imbalance, which can affect participation in sports
What kind of sports would females be disadvantaged in?
Sports that are based on strength and power
What kind of sports would males be disadvantaged in?
Sports that are based on flexibilty
What do physical differences in males and females lead to?
Single sex participation in sports
What may prevent females from participating in sports?
Some religions may require women to stay covered up, and therefore they may not be able to wear certain sports equipment, resulting in them not taking part.
What is the somatotype?
Your body type
Name the three somatotypes?
Ectomorph
Endomorph
Mesomorph
Describe an endomorph
Pear shaped, with wide hips shoulders and tendency to gain fat on the arms and thighs. Have short legs
Describe a mesomorph
Wedge shape bod with wide shoulders, muscled arms and legs, narrow hips and a minimum amount of body fat.
Describe an ectomorph
Tall, slender and thin with narrow shoulders and hips, thin arms and legs. Very little muscle and body fat.
What type of sports suit endomorphs?
Power sports such as rugby as a pack member in the scrum
What type of sports suit mesomorphs?
Strength, agility and speed sports. Particularly suited for sports such as swimming.
What type of sports suit ectomorphs
Endurance events such as marathon running or gymnastics because of their light frame
Physique
the form, size and development of a persons body
Metabolic
The whole range of biochemical processes that occur with in us
Power
the combination of speed and strength
Maximal strength
the greatest amount of weight that can be lifted in one go
Body composition
the percentage of body weight that is fat, muscle or bone
Musculature
the system or arrangement of muscles in a body
What environmental factors can affect sports?
Weather Pollution Altitude Humidity Terrain
How does weather affect sports?
If it is raining or snowing, certain outdoor activities will not be safe to do
How does pollution affect sports?
If there is large levels of pollution, exercising outside is dangerous, which restricts training to be indoors, which is not realistic for outdoor performers as there is air conditioning
How does altitude affect sports?
Training and performing at high altitudes is beneficial as the air is not oxygen rich, so your heart gets used to working harder
How does humidity affect sports?
Humidity combined with heat makes conditions very difficult to keep the body cool and avoid dehydration.
How does terrain affect sports?
The landscape may be crucial to your sports e.g. slopes and snow are required to ski.
dehydration
the rapid loss of water from the body
landscape
the aspect of the land characteristics of a particular area
Name two factors that makes sport appealing?
Risk and Challenge
Give an example of challenge in sport
Tackling a bigger opponent in rugby
What must be done before a physical activity is started?
Potential hazards or dangers are spotted and removed
What is risk control?
Every effort has to be made to ensure that the activity continues in a safe manner
Give the ways in which a game is kept as safe as possible
Playing by the rules and avoiding foul play
Make sure equipment and clothing is safe e.g. no jewellery
Ensuring that warm-up has taken place
Having first aid equipment
Knowledge of the location of first aiders and telephones for emergency services
Challenge
A test of your ability or resources in a demanding situation
Risk
the possibility of suffering harm, loss or danger
What do competitive activities require?
Performers must be highly committed as they need to train to compete
May need to spend an entire day for their sport e.g. cricket matches can take up to a day to complete or travelling to fixture may take time
What do professional competitors do?
If a performer is a professional competitor, they will concentrate on their sport full time
What are recreational activities?
Activities that are not as demanding, as they do not require training or preparation, and are often done as a hobby.
How do performance levels affect commitment to sport?
If a person is a top level competitor and plays at a high level, they will have to dedicate a lot of time to the sport to be an active participant.
How does age affect participation is sports?
Someone who is young and goes to school will have more time for leisure activities than an adult who has a full time job.
Name the advantages of participation in sport
Social aspect of taking part with others
Health benefits
Competitive
An activity that involves some sort of contest
Recreational
any form of play, amusement or relaxation that is done only for enjoyment
Periodisation
The different parts of a training program
What is the point of periodisation?
To ensure that the athlete is able to peak at the right time
What does periodisation take into account?
The pre season
Peak Season
Post Season
What is pre-season
The time leading up to when the majority of the competition is going to be played.
What happens during pre-season?
It is a time of initial preperation, concentrating on fitness and developing techniques
What is peak season?
The main competitive period for the competitor
What happens during peak season?
Concentration on skill, ongoing fitness sessions as well as the actual participation in competition
What is off season?
Period of rest and recovery after the competition is over.
What is necessary during off season?
The general fitness should remain at a high level
Give an example of a sport that has an off season
Football when the league season is over, and there are no more competitions running.
Give an example of a sport that has no off season
Cricket usually has no off season because they cricketers will play in England during the summer and in Australia during the winter
How can funds affect training?
If there are more funds, better training facilities can be used, and a personal trainer can be hired to advance the training
Peak
at your very best
General Fitness
a state of good health and to be able to carry out activity at a relatively low level
