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Biology > unit 2 > Flashcards

unit 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

polymer

A

large macromolecules composed of three to millions of monomer subunits
poly = many

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2
Q

CH2O

A

carbohydrates

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3
Q

CHON

A

proteins

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4
Q

CHO

A

lipids

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5
Q

lipids are composed of a ______ backbone

A

glycerol

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6
Q

monosaccharide

A

simple sugar

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7
Q

disaccharide

A

contains 2 monosaccharides

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8
Q

polysaccharides

A

contains 3 or more monosaccharides

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9
Q

carbohydrates indicators

A

simple sugars - benedicts reagent

complex sugars - iodine

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10
Q

proteins indicator

A

biurets

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11
Q

lipids indicator

A

brown paper - turns translucent

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12
Q

benedicts reagents

A

carbs
light blue -> red, orange, yellow, or green
simple sugar

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13
Q

iodine

A

carbs
amber -> bluish black
starch

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14
Q

biurets

A

proteins
light blue -> purple
protein

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15
Q

brown paper

A

lipids
brown paper -> translucent
lipids/fats

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16
Q

monomer

A

subunits of polymers

mono = one

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17
Q

function of kidney

A

remove liquids and other substances from the blood

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18
Q

function of ardenal glands

A

produces the hormone adrenaline

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19
Q

function or ureter

A

joins kidney to bladder

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20
Q

function of urinary bladder

A

stores urine until released from the body

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21
Q

function of urethra

A

neck of bladder; urine leaves the body through this tube

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22
Q

function of renal artery

A

artery leading TOWARDS the kidney

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23
Q

function of renal vein

A

vein leading AWAY from the kidney

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24
Q

renal artery = _______

A

aorta

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25
Q

renal vein = ______

A

vena cava

26
Q

flow of liquid through urinary system

A
  • renal artery
  • kidney
  • ureter
  • bladder
  • urethra
27
Q

the human bladder can stretch to hold ____ liters of liquid

A

1/2 (16 oz)

28
Q

kidney stones

A

accumulated minerals that form jagged edges

29
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

caused by “bad” bacteria entering urinary tract

30
Q

when do you use dialysis

A

renal failure (kidney failure)

31
Q

nucleic acids

A

huge polymers of nucleotides

32
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

stores the genetic code for its own replication and sequence of amino acids in proteins

33
Q

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A

single-stranded nucleic acid that translates the genetic code of DNA into the amino acid sequence proteins

34
Q

glycogen

A

a storage carbohydrate in the liver of animals

35
Q

starch

A

a storage molecule in plants as a result of photosynthesis

36
Q

cellulose

A

a primary constituent of plant cell walls

37
Q

polypeptide

A

chains of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds

38
Q

fats

A

triglycerides containing saturated fats

39
Q

oils

A

triglycerides with unsaturated fats

40
Q

enzyme

A

proteins that act as organic catalysts

41
Q

catalysts

A

speeds up reactions

42
Q

insulin

A

a hormone that regulates glucose content of blood

43
Q

amino acid

A

made up of CHON

44
Q

phospholipids

A

makes up the plasma membrane

45
Q

cholesterol

A

a precursor of other steroids

46
Q

3 types of nucleotides

A

phosphate (phosphoric acid), pentose sugar, and a nitrogen containing base

47
Q

component(s) of carbohydrates

A

sugars

47
Q

examples of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides (glucose, fructose)

polysaccharides (glycogen, starch, cellulose)

47
Q

uses of carbohydrates

A

quick energy and energy storage cell structures

47
Q

identification of carbohydrates

A

benedicts and iodine

47
Q

components of lipids

A

glycerol + fatty acids

47
Q

examples of lipids

A

phospholipids
saturated fats
unsaturated fats

47
Q

uses of lipids

A

cell membranes
insulation
storage of energy

47
Q

identification of lipids

A

translucent on brown paper

dissolves in ethanol

47
Q

components of proteins

A

amino acids

47
Q

examples of proteins

A 
enzymes 
hair
nails
muscles
RBC
WBC
47
Q

uses of proteins

A 
catalysts
transport
movement
protection 
immune
growth
47
Q

identification of proteins

A

biurets reagent

48
Q

components of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

49
Q

examples of nucleic acids

A

DNA

RNA

50
Q

uses of nucleic acids

A

directs ALL cell processes

51
Q

identification of nucleic acids

A

none

Biology (9 decks)

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