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unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

polymer

A

large macromolecules composed of three to millions of monomer subunits
poly = many

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2
Q

CH2O

A

carbohydrates

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3
Q

CHON

A

proteins

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4
Q

CHO

A

lipids

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5
Q

lipids are composed of a ______ backbone

A

glycerol

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6
Q

monosaccharide

A

simple sugar

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7
Q

disaccharide

A

contains 2 monosaccharides

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8
Q

polysaccharides

A

contains 3 or more monosaccharides

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9
Q

carbohydrates indicators

A

simple sugars - benedicts reagent

complex sugars - iodine

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10
Q

proteins indicator

A

biurets

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11
Q

lipids indicator

A

brown paper - turns translucent

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12
Q

benedicts reagents

A

carbs
light blue -> red, orange, yellow, or green
simple sugar

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13
Q

iodine

A

carbs
amber -> bluish black
starch

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14
Q

biurets

A

proteins
light blue -> purple
protein

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15
Q

brown paper

A

lipids
brown paper -> translucent
lipids/fats

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16
Q

monomer

A

subunits of polymers

mono = one

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17
Q

function of kidney

A

remove liquids and other substances from the blood

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18
Q

function of ardenal glands

A

produces the hormone adrenaline

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19
Q

function or ureter

A

joins kidney to bladder

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20
Q

function of urinary bladder

A

stores urine until released from the body

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21
Q

function of urethra

A

neck of bladder; urine leaves the body through this tube

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22
Q

function of renal artery

A

artery leading TOWARDS the kidney

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23
Q

function of renal vein

A

vein leading AWAY from the kidney

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24
Q

renal artery = _______

A

aorta

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25
renal vein = ______
vena cava
26
flow of liquid through urinary system
- renal artery - kidney - ureter - bladder - urethra
27
the human bladder can stretch to hold ____ liters of liquid
1/2 (16 oz)
28
kidney stones
accumulated minerals that form jagged edges
29
urinary tract infection (UTI)
caused by "bad" bacteria entering urinary tract
30
when do you use dialysis
renal failure (kidney failure)
31
nucleic acids
huge polymers of nucleotides
32
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
stores the genetic code for its own replication and sequence of amino acids in proteins
33
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
single-stranded nucleic acid that translates the genetic code of DNA into the amino acid sequence proteins
34
glycogen
a storage carbohydrate in the liver of animals
35
starch
a storage molecule in plants as a result of photosynthesis
36
cellulose
a primary constituent of plant cell walls
37
polypeptide
chains of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds
38
fats
triglycerides containing saturated fats
39
oils
triglycerides with unsaturated fats
40
enzyme
proteins that act as organic catalysts
41
catalysts
speeds up reactions
42
insulin
a hormone that regulates glucose content of blood
43
amino acid
made up of CHON
44
phospholipids
makes up the plasma membrane
45
cholesterol
a precursor of other steroids
46
3 types of nucleotides
phosphate (phosphoric acid), pentose sugar, and a nitrogen containing base
47
component(s) of carbohydrates
sugars
47
examples of carbohydrates
monosaccharides (glucose, fructose) | polysaccharides (glycogen, starch, cellulose)
47
uses of carbohydrates
quick energy and energy storage cell structures
47
identification of carbohydrates
benedicts and iodine
47
components of lipids
glycerol + fatty acids
47
examples of lipids
phospholipids saturated fats unsaturated fats
47
uses of lipids
cell membranes insulation storage of energy
47
identification of lipids
translucent on brown paper | dissolves in ethanol
47
components of proteins
amino acids
47
examples of proteins
``` enzymes hair nails muscles RBC WBC ```
47
uses of proteins
``` catalysts transport movement protection immune growth ```
47
identification of proteins
biurets reagent
48
components of nucleic acids
nucleotides
49
examples of nucleic acids
DNA | RNA
50
uses of nucleic acids
directs ALL cell processes
51
identification of nucleic acids
none

Biology (9 decks)

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