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Anatomy > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

To keep harmful substances out
To keep water and electrolytes in
Protect internal structures and organs
Regulates body temperature

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2
Q

What are the sensory roles of the skin?

A

Can sense temperature, pain, pressure, and touch

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3
Q

Is the skin an organ?

A

Yes, it is the largest organ in the body

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4
Q

What are two other names for the skin system?

A

Integumentary system

Cutaneous membrane

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5
Q

What are the two distinct layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis

Dermis

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6
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

A thin outer layer of the skin

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7
Q

What is the function of the epidermis?

A

Insensible perspiration

Keratinization

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8
Q

What is keratinization?

A

A process by which skin cells are hardened and flattened with keratin as they move towards the surface

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9
Q

What are some of the characteristics of keratin?

A

Water proof, toughens, strengthens

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10
Q

What is the dermis

A

An inner layer of the skin

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11
Q

What is the dermis made of?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

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12
Q

What are characteristics of the dermis?

A

Strong and elastic
Contains blood vessels
Nervous tissue
Small amount of muscle tissue

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13
Q

What are the accessory glands of the dermis?

A

Glands
Receptors
Nerves

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14
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer?

A

Tissue that lies beneath the skin: hypodermis

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15
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer made of?

A

It is formed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

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16
Q

What are the main roles of the subcutaneous layer?

A

Insulate the body from extreme temperatures

Anchor the skin to the underlying structure (muscle)

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17
Q

How is skin color determined?

A

Genes
Physiology
Pathology

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18
Q

Why is some skin darker than others?

A

People with darker skin have more melanin which causes the pigment to become darker. The more melanin secreted the darker the skin is

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19
Q

What is a melanocyte?

A

It secretes melanin in the epidermis

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20
Q

What is yellow pigment caused from?

A

Carotene. Most melanin overshadows carotene’s tint

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21
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

Poor oxygen that causes a bluish tint

22
Q

What is blushing?

A

Blood vessels dilate which causes reddening

23
Q

What is pallor?

A

Blood vessels constrict which causes palling

24
Q

What is jaundice?

A

Bilirubin (a yellow pigment) is deposited

25
Q

What is bronze skin tint?

A

Melanin overproduction

26
Q

What is ecchymosis?

A

Black and bluish bruising

27
Q

What is the function of hair?

A

Detect insects
protect eyes
keep dust out of lungs
reduce heat loss

28
Q

What are the function of nails?

A

Protect tips of finer and toes from injury

29
Q

What is a sebaceous gland?

A

It secretes sebum into the hair follicle

30
Q

What is the sudoriferous gland?

A

Regular sweat gland
Regulates body temperature
Uses pore

31
Q

What is an apocrine gland?

A

A sweat gland that is associated with stress and become more active during puberty

32
Q

What is the eccrine gland?

A

A sweat gland that regulates temperature

33
Q

What are modified glands?

A

Mammary glands

Ceruminous glands

34
Q

What is core temperature?

A

The temperature of the inner parts of the body

35
Q

What is shell temperature?

A

The temperature of the surface areas of the body

36
Q

What is thermoregulation?

A

The mechanism by which the body balances heat production and heat loss

37
Q

Where is most heat produced?

A

Most heat is produced by muscles, liver, and endocrine gland

38
Q

What are some factors that affect heat production?

A

Food consumption
Hormonal secretion
Physical activity

39
Q

How is heat produced?

A

By blood cells that warm up the blood and distribute it throughout the body

40
Q

How does someone lose heat with radiation?

A

When a warm body has cooler air surrounding it

41
Q

How does someone lose heat with conduction?

A

When a warm body touches a cooler object

42
Q

How does someone lose heat with convection?

A

When air currents move over the skin’s surface

43
Q

How does someone lose heat with evaporation?

A

When liquid becomes a gas and evaporates from the skin’s surface

44
Q

What is the Hypothalamus?

A

It is the thermostat of the body located inside the brain

45
Q

What happens when the body’s temperature is increased?

A

Vessels dilate which gives the body a fluhed appearance

Sweat glands become more active

46
Q

What happens when the body’s temperature is decreased?

A

Vessels constrict which traps heat in deeper tissues

Shivering

47
Q

First degree burn

A

Damages epidermis only, sunburn

48
Q

Second degree burn

A

Damages epidermis and dermis, blistering

49
Q

Third degree burn

A

Destroys dermis, epidermis, and underlying tissue

Full thickness burn

50
Q

Eschar

A

Dead burned tissue that forms a scab like layer over the burned surface

51
Q

ABCD rule to determine if a mole is cancerous

A

A-Assymetry
B-Border
C-Color
D-Diameter

Anatomy (8 decks)

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