Unit 2 Flashcards by Ashley Blacher

What are the functions of the skin?

To keep harmful substances out
To keep water and electrolytes in
Protect internal structures and organs
Regulates body temperature

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What are the sensory roles of the skin?

Can sense temperature, pain, pressure, and touch

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Is the skin an organ?

Yes, it is the largest organ in the body

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What are two other names for the skin system?

Integumentary system

Cutaneous membrane

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What are the two distinct layers of the skin?

Epidermis

Dermis

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What is the epidermis?

A thin outer layer of the skin

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What is the function of the epidermis?

Insensible perspiration

Keratinization

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What is keratinization?

A process by which skin cells are hardened and flattened with keratin as they move towards the surface

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What are some of the characteristics of keratin?

Water proof, toughens, strengthens

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What is the dermis

An inner layer of the skin

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What is the dermis made of?

Fibrous connective tissue

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What are characteristics of the dermis?

Strong and elastic
Contains blood vessels
Nervous tissue
Small amount of muscle tissue

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What are the accessory glands of the dermis?

Glands
Receptors
Nerves

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What is the subcutaneous layer?

Tissue that lies beneath the skin: hypodermis

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What is the subcutaneous layer made of?

It is formed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

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What are the main roles of the subcutaneous layer?

Insulate the body from extreme temperatures

Anchor the skin to the underlying structure (muscle)

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How is skin color determined?

Genes
Physiology
Pathology

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Why is some skin darker than others?

People with darker skin have more melanin which causes the pigment to become darker. The more melanin secreted the darker the skin is

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What is a melanocyte?

It secretes melanin in the epidermis

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What is yellow pigment caused from?

Carotene. Most melanin overshadows carotene’s tint

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What is cyanosis?

Poor oxygen that causes a bluish tint

What is blushing?

Blood vessels dilate which causes reddening

What is pallor?

Blood vessels constrict which causes palling

What is jaundice?

Bilirubin (a yellow pigment) is deposited

What is bronze skin tint?

Melanin overproduction

What is ecchymosis?

Black and bluish bruising

What is the function of hair?

Detect insects protect eyes keep dust out of lungs reduce heat loss

What are the function of nails?

Protect tips of finer and toes from injury

What is a sebaceous gland?

It secretes sebum into the hair follicle

What is the sudoriferous gland?

Regular sweat gland Regulates body temperature Uses pore

What is an apocrine gland?

A sweat gland that is associated with stress and become more active during puberty

What is the eccrine gland?

A sweat gland that regulates temperature

What are modified glands?

Mammary glands | Ceruminous glands

What is core temperature?

The temperature of the inner parts of the body

What is shell temperature?

The temperature of the surface areas of the body

What is thermoregulation?

The mechanism by which the body balances heat production and heat loss

Where is most heat produced?

Most heat is produced by muscles, liver, and endocrine gland

What are some factors that affect heat production?

Food consumption Hormonal secretion Physical activity

How is heat produced?

By blood cells that warm up the blood and distribute it throughout the body

How does someone lose heat with radiation?

When a warm body has cooler air surrounding it

How does someone lose heat with conduction?

When a warm body touches a cooler object

How does someone lose heat with convection?

When air currents move over the skin's surface

How does someone lose heat with evaporation?

When liquid becomes a gas and evaporates from the skin's surface

What is the Hypothalamus?

It is the thermostat of the body located inside the brain

What happens when the body's temperature is increased?

Vessels dilate which gives the body a fluhed appearance | Sweat glands become more active

What happens when the body's temperature is decreased?

Vessels constrict which traps heat in deeper tissues | Shivering

First degree burn

Damages epidermis only, sunburn

Second degree burn

Damages epidermis and dermis, blistering

Third degree burn

Destroys dermis, epidermis, and underlying tissue | Full thickness burn

Eschar

Dead burned tissue that forms a scab like layer over the burned surface

ABCD rule to determine if a mole is cancerous

A-Assymetry B-Border C-Color D-Diameter