Unit 2 Flashcards
week 2
For Nutrition
The nursing assistant should:
The nursing assistant should:
– Encourage residents to follow a healthy diet
– Reinforce teaching done by nurse
– Alert nurse if resident is not following prescribed diet
– Remember informed consent
Calories:
– Unit of measurement
– Requirements vary among individuals
Carbohydrates:
– Consist of sugars, starches, and fiber
– Can be simple or complex
– Carbs are broken down into blood glucose
– Fiber helps lower cholesterol, regulate blood sugar, aid in
digestion, and promote regular bowel movements
Proteins:
Basic building blocks of cells
– Composed of amino acids
– Make up muscle and blood components and help keep other body
organs working
– Good sources of protein include meat, poultry, eggs, nuts, seeds,
seafood, beans, peas, and soy
Fats:
– Unsaturated fats are typically found in cold-water fish, nuts, and
plant matter
– Saturated fats are found in meat, some dairy products, coconut
oil, and palm oil
– Cholesterol types include LDL and HDL
– High LDL cholesterol levels are linked to heart disease
– Limit saturated fats and LDL cholesterol in diet
Vitamins and Minerals:
Needed to keep the body healthy
– Vitamins are found in plant matter and animals
– Minerals are elements from the earth
– Residents may require supplements
– There are 2 types of vitamins—fat soluble and water soluble
Water-soluble vitamins:
– B1, B2, B6, B12, and C
– Niacin
– Folic acid
– Taking in too many fat-soluble vitamins can result in hypervitaminosis
Fat-soluble vitamins:
– A, D, E, and K
– Taking in too many fat-soluble vitamins can result in hypervitaminosis
Nutrient __________
Use:
Muscle function
Building bone
Nerve function
Found In:
Dairy products
Spinach
Salmon
Calcium
Nutrient_________
Use: Prevention of birth defects
Cell growth
Found in: Dark green vegetables
Enriched breads/cereals
Lentils
Folic Acid
Nutrient_________
Use: Cell growth
Oxygen delivery
Found in: Beef
Liver
Iron
Nutrient_________
Use: Bone strength
Immune system function
Muscle and nerve function
Found in: Almonds
Spinach
Oatmeal
Magnesium
Nutrient_________
Use: Immune system function
Wound healing
Cell growth
Found in: Beef
Peanut butter
Beans and peas
Zinc
Use: Vision health
Bone growth
Immune system function
Found in: Carrots
Milk
Cantaloupe
Vitamin A
Nutrient_________
Use: Nerve function
Immune system function
Hemoglobin production
Found in: Potatoes
Cereals
Bananas
Vitamin B6
Nutrient_________
Use: Blood cell formation
DNA synthesis
Found in: Clams
Cereals
Liver
Vitamin B12
Nutrient_________
Use: Calcium absorption
Inflammation reduction Sun exposure
Found in: Milk
Salmon
Vitamin D
Nutrient_________
Use: Antioxidant properties
Immune system function
Found in: Almonds
Peanut butter
Sunflower seeds
Vitamin E
Makes up about 60% of human body
Water
- Helps regulate body temperature
– Transports nutrients and wastes
– Keeps cells and organs working properly
– Best choice of fluid to drink
Water
Fluid restrictions may be due to…
heart failure, kidney failure, dialysis, or edema
– Occurs when body takes in less fluid than it excretes
– May be caused by vomiting, fever, or poor intake
– Can be life-threatening
Dehydration
For Fluid intake It is important to remember…
All fluids are monitored and charted
– Follow directives from nurse or in care plan
– Remind resident of restriction
– Be sensitive to resident’s feelings
– Reinforce teaching done by nurse
– Alert nurse if resident asks for more fluids than allowed
– Remember informed consent
– Adults should consume 6 to 8 servings per day
– Can help maintain weight, reduce cardiovascular disease, prevent
constipation, and offer protection from anemia
Grains:
Include fruit and 100% fruit juice
– Juice does not offer fiber
– Adults should eat about 2 cups daily
– Help maintain healthy body weight and can reduce risk of stroke,
cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some cancers
Fruits:
– Subcategories include dark green leafy, orange, and starchy
vegetables; dried beans and peas; and other
– Adults should eat at least 2 to 3 cups daily
– Can help reduce risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes,
and some cancers
Vegetables:
– Include any milk-based product that retains calcium content after
processing
– Most adults should get 3 servings daily
– Serving = 1 cup of milk or 1.5 ounces of cheese
– Can help maintain healthy weight, bone mass, and blood
pressure
Dairy products:
– Includes meat, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, seeds, dried beans and
peas, and some items from dairy group
– Adults should eat about 5 to 6 ounces daily
– High-fat choices can increase risk of obesity, heart disease, and
some cancers
Protein:
Assisting in feeding a resident( things to remember)
Be respectful and engage in conversation
– Provide homelike environment
– Offer to toilet resident before meals
– Wash both your hands and resident’s
– Verify meal tray is for correct resident
Assisting in feeding a resident( things to remember)
Ensure tray has appropriate diet and adaptive equipment for
resident
– Make sure resident is sitting upright
– Season food to resident’s preferences
– Place clothing protector if they choose
Assisting in feeding a resident( things to remember)
Test temperature of food and drink before offering to resident
– Do not touch food items with bare hands
– Sit next to resident when assisting
– Ask resident what item they would like first
– Alternate food bites with sips of liquid
one ounce = how many cc’s
30
how many KGs is =
2.2 oz
DASH:
– Recommended for all adults and children as a heart-healthy way of eating
– Reduces cholesterol and increases insulin receptivity
– Helps lower blood pressure without the use of medication
DASH encourages:
– Vegetables, fruits, beans, and nuts
– Low-fat dairy products, lean protein, and fiber
– Foods rich in potassium, magnesium, and calcium
– Food and drinks with no added sugar
Diabetic:
– Individualized plan that considers all carbohydrates
– Typically developed by registered dietician
– Factors in age, weight, physical activity, gender, and medical conditions of
resident
Caring for the resident with diabetes:
– Ensure nurse has taken resident’s blood sugar before he begins to eat
– Monitor food intake closely during meals and snacks
– Report poor intake promptly
– Watch for signs and symptoms of hyper- and hypoglycemia
Low-sodium
– For residents with edema, kidney disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes
– May be limited to only 1,500 mg sodium daily
– Daily recommended amount for healthy adult is 2,300 mg
– Encourage residents to eat fruits and vegetables
Low-cholesterol:
– For residents with heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, or history of heart
attack or stroke
– Avoid cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fats
– Encourage intake of plant matter and meat alternatives