Unit 2 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Diagnostic imaging procedures:
are likely to cause mutations in germ cells
oftentimes, the result is severe damage to patient’s blood
none of these statements are true
are hazardous to occupational workers under normal working conditions
none of these statements are true
The law of bergonie and tribondeau state that the radiosensitivity of a cell is ____ proportional to its reproductive activity and ____ proportional to their degree of differentiation.
directly, inversely
Exposure monitoring of personnel is required when radiation workers are likely to receive how much (percentage) of the annual occupational effective dose limit in a single year?
10% or more
Radiolysis of water may result in:
- a stable water molecule
- a hydrogen-free radical
- hydroperoxyl radical
1, 2, and 3
Radiolysis of water. The final result of the interaction of radiation with water is the formation of an ion pair (H+ and OH– = stable water molecule) and two free radicals (H* and OH*).
X-ray photons interact directly with a water (H2O) molecule. The H2O molecule breaks down into ions and free radicals. The ions can recombine to form a water molecule, thereby creating no biologic damage. The free radicals can migrate to another molecule, such as a DNA molecule located at some distance from the site of the initial ionization, and destructively interact with it by ionizing it or rupturing some chemical bonds. This creates molecular or point lesions in the DNA macromolecule. Free radicals can spread biologic damage by combining with other molecules to form toxic substances that also can migrate to distant DNA molecules and destructively interact.
Each cell’s function is governed and defined by the structures of its constituent molecules. If these structures are altered by radiation exposure, the following may result:
- disturbances of the cell’s chemical balance
- disturbance of cell operation
- failure of the cell to perform normal tasks
1, 2, and 3
Which term describes the comparative capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce a similar biological reaction?
RBE- RELATIVE BIOLOGIC EFFECTIVENESS
Because high-LET types of radiation deposit more energy per unit length of biological tissue traversed, they are:
More destructive to biological matter than low-LET radiation
Which of the following instruments should be used in a laboratory setting to detect alpha and beta radiation and small amounts of other types of low-level radioactive contamination?
Proportional Counter
Personnel monitoring reports list which of the following occupational exposure of each personnel wearing a dosimeter?
- Deep
- Eyes
- Shallow
- Gonads
1, 2, and 3 only
The LET value of radiation is an essential factor in:
Assessing potential tissue and organ damage from exposure to ionizing radiation
Personnel monitoring devices provide:
- an indication of an individual’s working habits
- an indication of working conditions in the facility
- a way for the employer to determine whether radiation workers are actively engaged in performing a specific number of x-ray procedures during a given period.
1, 2, and 3
Meiosis is defined as:
The process of reduction of cell division
A point lesion:
is a single alteration along the sequence of nitrogenous bases that can result in gene abnormality.
Direct action of radiation is much more likely to happen after exposure to:
high-LET radiation such as alpha particles
A personnel monitoring device that may be inserted to a computer via USB is known as:
DIS- DIGITAL IONIZATION CHAMBER
OH + OH = H2O2 or ____ is a substance that is very poisonous to the cell.
Hydrogen peroxide
In terms of radiology, which phase of mitosis allows us to visualize possible chromosomal changes to radiation?
Metaphase
Advantages of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter are that it:
- might provide inaccurate readings if left in a hot car
- is lightweight, durable, and easy to carry
- can be used for up to 1 year
2 and 3 only
Which of the following results when irradiation of individual chromatids occurs later in interphase AFTER DNA synthesis has taken place?
Chromatid aberrations
Which of the following cellular components are classified as organic compounds?
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Which group of cells is least radiosensitive?
Adult nerve cells
Which of the following effects of ionizing radiation on DNA is most likely to be repaired by repair enzymes?
Single strand break
A hydroperoxyl radical (HO2+) is formed when a hydrogen-free radical (H+) combined with:
Molecular Oxygen (O2)
A type of gas-filled radiation survery instruments, that is used for area surveys is called:
cutie pie
