Unit 2 Flashcards
Diagnostic imaging procedures:
a. are likely to cause mutations in germ cells
b. oftentimes, the result is severe damage to patient’s blood
c. none of these statements are true
d. are hazardous to occupational workers under normal working conditions
c. none of these statements are true
The law of bergonie and tribondeau state that the radiosensitivity of a cell is ____ proportional to its reproductive activity and ____ proportional to their degree of differentiation.
directly, inversely
Exposure monitoring of personnel is required when radiation workers are likely to receive how much (percentage) of the annual occupational effective dose limit in a single year?
10% or more
Radiolysis of water may result in:
- a stable water molecule
- a hydrogen-free radical
- hydroperoxyl radical
1, 2, and 3
Each cell’s function is governed and defined by the structures of its constituent molecules. If these structures are altered by radiation exposure, the following may result:
- disturbances of the cell’s chemical balance
- disturbance of cell operation
- failure of the cell to perform normal tasks
1, 2, and 3
Which term describes the comparative capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce a similar biological reaction?
RBE- RELATIVE BIOLOGIC EFFECTIVENESS
Because high-LET types of radiation deposit more energy per unit length of biological tissue traversed, they are:
More destructive to biological matter than low-LET radiation
Which of the following instruments should be used in a laboratory setting to detect alpha and beta radiation and small amounts of other types of low-level radioactive contamination?
Proportional Counter
Personnel monitoring reports list which of the following occupational exposure of each personnel wearing a dosimeter?
- Deep
- Eyes
- Shallow
- Gonads
1, 2, and 3 only
The LET value of radiation is an essential factor in:
Assessing potential tissue and organ damage from exposure to ionizing radiation
Personnel monitoring devices provide:
- an indication of an individual’s working habits
- an indication of working conditions in the facility
- a way for the employer to determine whether radiation workers are actively engaged in performing a specific number of x-ray procedures during a given period.
1, 2, and 3
Meiosis is defined as:
The process of reduction of cell division
A point lesion:
is a single alteration along the sequence of nitrogenous bases that can result in gene abnormality.
Direct action of radiation is much more likely to happen after exposure to:
high-LET radiation such as alpha particles
A personnel monitoring device that may be inserted to a computer via USB is known as:
DIS- DIGITAL IONIZATION CHAMBER
OH + OH = H2O2 or ____ is a substance that is very poisonous to the cell.
Hydrogen peroxide
In terms of radiology, which phase of mitosis allows us to visualize possible chromosomal changes to radiation?
Metaphase
Advantages of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter are that it:
- might provide inaccurate readings if left in a hot car
- is lightweight, durable, and easy to carry
- can be used for up to 1 year
2 and 3 only
Which of the following results when irradiation of individual chromatids occurs later in interphase AFTER DNA synthesis has taken place?
Chromatid aberrations
Which of the following cellular components are classified as organic compounds?
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
NOTES- CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPIDS ARE ALSO INCLUDED
Which group of cells is least radiosensitive?
Adult nerve cells
Which of the following effects of ionizing radiation on DNA is most likely to be repaired by repair enzymes?
Single strand break
A hydroperoxyl radical (HO2+) is formed when a hydrogen-free radical (H+) combined with:
Molecular Oxygen (O2)
A type of gas-filled radiation survery instruments, that is used for area surveys is called:
cutie pie
DNA regulates cellular activity ____ by transmitting its genetic code outside the cell nucleus by reproducing itself into the form of MRNA.
Indirectly
If the master molecule of a cell is inactivated due to multiple ionizing hits, what is the consequence for the affected cell?
normal cell function will cease, and the cell will die
A cancer patient receives hyperbaric (oxygen) therapy treatment prior to their radiation therapy appointment. How might this impact the effects of their treatment?
the cells of the tumor will be more sensitive to the radiation and the treatment will likely be more effective at shrinking the tumor
The most effective measurement tool to assess occupational exposure in a 3 month period is a(n):
OSL- OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINENCE
Pregnant diagnostic imaging personnel should be issued a ____ monitoring device to record the radiation dose to the abdomen during ____.
second, gestation (pregnancy)
What structure is considered the “powerhouse” of the cell?
Mitochondria
DNA macromolecules are linked by pairs of ____ bases.
Nitrogenous
When a broken chromosome rejoins in its original configuration with no visible damage, and therefore, incurs no damage to the cell, it is referred to as:
Restitution
Interphase includes which of the following:
- G1 phase
- Telophase
- Metaphase
- S phase
1 and 4
G1 phase
S phase
What is the classic method of displaying the sensitivity of a particular type of cell to radiation refers to?
Cell survival curve
Which of the following statements is true regarding free radicals?
The presence of free radicals dramatically increases the amount of biologic damage produced
When biologic damage of a test radiation is compared to the biologic damage induced by 250 kVp of x-rays, this most relates to:
Relative Biologic Effectiveness
When changing employment, who is responsible for conveying those data pertinent to accumulation equivalent dose to the new employer?
The radiology tech
A ring dosimeter is most commonly utilized by which radiographic profession?
Nuclear medicine technologist
Cytosine bonds only with
Guanine
The letter “M” that appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of a personnel monitoring report represents:
An equivalent dose below the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
