Final Exam Review Flashcards
The personnel monitoring device that uses Lithium Fluoride as the sensing material is:
The Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter (OSL)
The Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD)
The Pocket Ionization Chamber
The Digital Ionization Dosimeter
The Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD)
Where is the best place for the radiographer to stand during a C-arm procedure?
On the tube side of the C-arm
Behind the surgeon
On the image intensifier side of the c-arm
None of these are suggested
On the image intensifier side of the c-arm
The cell division process of meiosis is a characteristic of ________cells.
Genetic
Somatic
Genetic
To reduce patient exposure during a fluoroscopy exam using a stationary (fixed) tube, the minimum source-to-skin distance is:
15 cm (6 inches)
30 cm (12 inches)
38 cm (15 inches)
45 cm (18 inches)
38 cm (15 inches)
Note: Mobile units have a minimum of 30 cm (12 inches)
A Compton (recoil) electron:
Is absorbed within a few microns of the site of the original Compton interaction
Annihilates another electron
Causes pair production
Engages in the process of photodisintegration
Is absorbed within a few microns of the site of the original Compton interaction
Which of the following terms refers to the radiation emitted when an electron moves from an outer orbit to fill a vacancy in an inner orbit?
Bremsstrahlung
Characteristic
Photoelectric
Primary
Characteristic
Total filtration in a diagnostic x-ray tube is equivalent to about 0.5 mm of aluminum.
True
False
False
Note: 2.5 mm
Randomly occurring biologic somatic changes, in which the chance of occurrence of the effect, rather than the severity of the effect is proportional to dose, is classified as which of the following?
Early tissue reactions
Epidemiologic effects
Stochastic effects
Late tissue reactions
Stochastic effects
When worn properly, the purpose of a protective lead apron is to protect the radiographer from:
Primary radiation
Secondary radiation
Incident electrons
All of the above
Secondary radiation
Alignment (length and width dimensions) of the x-ray and localizing light beams must correspond to within:
3% of the SID
2% of the SID
5% of the SID
10% of the SID
2% of the SID
A high-LET radiation type will be ____, and will inflict ____ damage as compared to low-LET radiation types.
Less penetrating, more
Less penetrating, less
More penetrating, less
Similar in penetrating power, the same
Less penetrating, more
Personnel digital ionization dosimeters use ____ to measure radiation.
a high volume barium sulfate mixture
an ionization chamber
a lithium fluoride compound
a sodium iodide solution
an ionization chamber
When the target theory maintains that inactivation of a key molecule in a cell will cause its death, that molecule is assumed to be:
Water
Protein
Carbohydrate
DNA
DNA
The “rungs” of the DNA ladder-like structure consist of chemicals that are:
Pairs of nitrogenous bases
Acetic acids
Free radicals
Fatty acids
Pairs of nitrogenous bases
Which of the following radioactive materials is the most
concerning for occupational exposure?
Iodine - 125
Fluorine - 18
Technetium – 99m
Iodine - 123
Fluorine - 18
The minimum lead equivalent for the protective curtain in Radiographic and Fluoroscopic X-ray rooms is:
0.25 mm Lead equivalent
0.35 mm Lead equivalent
0.5 mm Lead equivalent
1.0 mm Lead equivalent
0.25 mm Lead equivalent
Gamma rays and x-rays differ only in their point of origin.
True
False
True
Filtration equal to two (2) half-value layers will reduce the intensity of radiation to ____ the initial value.
1/2
1/4
1/8
1/16
1/4
Which of the following are by-products of photoelectric absorption?
Photoelectron and Compton (recoil) electron
Lower-energy scattered photon and characteristic photon
Lower-energy scattered photon and Compton (recoil) electron
Photoelectron and characteristic photon
Photoelectron and characteristic photon
The radiation dose that causes the number of spontaneous mutations in a given generation to increase two times the original number:
ALARA principle
Doubling dose concept
Genetically significant dose
Relative biologic effectiveness
Doubling dose concept
Positron emission tomography (PET) makes use of the _____reactions that are a by-product of ____.
Scatter, photoelectric absorption
Emission, photodisintegration
Annihilation, pair production
Compton, the recoil electron
Annihilation, pair production
The average energy deposited in material, per unit length of track is:
RBE
LET
OER
LD50/30
LET
The most common radioisotope used in nuclear medicine procedures is:
Iodine- 131
Technetium -99m
Fluorine- 18
Iodine – 125
Technetium -99m
The National Council for Radiation Protection is responsible for:
Recommendations for occupational and public dose limits for the U.S.
Laws that control the possession, use and production of atomic energy in the U.S.
The development and enforcement of laws pertaining to control of radiation in the environment.
The radiation safety program for facilities that provide imaging services.
Recommendations for occupational and public dose limits for the U.S.
