Final Exam Review

Question 1

The personnel monitoring device that uses Lithium Fluoride as the sensing material is:

The Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter (OSL)
The Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD)
The Pocket Ionization Chamber
The Digital Ionization Dosimeter

Answer 1

The Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD)

Question 2

Where is the best place for the radiographer to stand during a C-arm procedure?

On the tube side of the C-arm
Behind the surgeon
On the image intensifier side of the c-arm
None of these are suggested

Answer 2

On the image intensifier side of the c-arm

Question 3

The cell division process of meiosis is a characteristic of ________cells.

Genetic
Somatic

Answer 3

Genetic

Question 4

To reduce patient exposure during a fluoroscopy exam using a stationary (fixed) tube, the minimum source-to-skin distance is:

15 cm (6 inches)
30 cm (12 inches)
38 cm (15 inches)
45 cm (18 inches)

Answer 4

38 cm (15 inches)

Note: Mobile units have a minimum of 30 cm (12 inches)

Question 5

A Compton (recoil) electron:

Is absorbed within a few microns of the site of the original Compton interaction

Annihilates another electron

Causes pair production

Engages in the process of photodisintegration

Answer 5

Is absorbed within a few microns of the site of the original Compton interaction

Question 6

Which of the following terms refers to the radiation emitted when an electron moves from an outer orbit to fill a vacancy in an inner orbit?

Bremsstrahlung
Characteristic
Photoelectric
Primary

Answer 6

Characteristic

Question 7

Total filtration in a diagnostic x-ray tube is equivalent to about 0.5 mm of aluminum.

True
False

Answer 7

False

Note: 2.5 mm

Question 8

Randomly occurring biologic somatic changes, in which the chance of occurrence of the effect, rather than the severity of the effect is proportional to dose, is classified as which of the following?

Early tissue reactions
Epidemiologic effects
Stochastic effects
Late tissue reactions

Answer 8

Stochastic effects

Question 9

When worn properly, the purpose of a protective lead apron is to protect the radiographer from:

Primary radiation
Secondary radiation
Incident electrons
All of the above

Answer 9

Secondary radiation

Question 10

Alignment (length and width dimensions) of the x-ray and localizing light beams must correspond to within:

3% of the SID
2% of the SID
5% of the SID
10% of the SID

Answer 10

2% of the SID

Question 11

A high-LET radiation type will be ____, and will inflict ____ damage as compared to low-LET radiation types.

Less penetrating, more
Less penetrating, less
More penetrating, less
Similar in penetrating power, the same

Answer 11

Less penetrating, more

Question 12

Personnel digital ionization dosimeters use ____ to measure radiation.

a high volume barium sulfate mixture
an ionization chamber
a lithium fluoride compound
a sodium iodide solution

Answer 12

an ionization chamber

Question 13

When the target theory maintains that inactivation of a key molecule in a cell will cause its death, that molecule is assumed to be:

Water
Protein
Carbohydrate
DNA

Answer 13

DNA

Question 14

The “rungs” of the DNA ladder-like structure consist of chemicals that are:

Pairs of nitrogenous bases
Acetic acids
Free radicals
Fatty acids

Answer 14

Pairs of nitrogenous bases

Question 15

Which of the following radioactive materials is the most
concerning for occupational exposure?

Iodine - 125
Fluorine - 18
Technetium – 99m
Iodine - 123

Answer 15

Fluorine - 18

Question 16

The minimum lead equivalent for the protective curtain in Radiographic and Fluoroscopic X-ray rooms is:

0.25 mm Lead equivalent
0.35 mm Lead equivalent
0.5 mm Lead equivalent
1.0 mm Lead equivalent

Answer 16

0.25 mm Lead equivalent

Question 17

Gamma rays and x-rays differ only in their point of origin.

True
False

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Filtration equal to two (2) half-value layers will reduce the intensity of radiation to ____ the initial value.

1/2
1/4
1/8
1/16

Answer 18

1/4

Question 19

Which of the following are by-products of photoelectric absorption?

Photoelectron and Compton (recoil) electron
Lower-energy scattered photon and characteristic photon
Lower-energy scattered photon and Compton (recoil) electron
Photoelectron and characteristic photon

Answer 19

Photoelectron and characteristic photon

Question 20

The radiation dose that causes the number of spontaneous mutations in a given generation to increase two times the original number:

ALARA principle
Doubling dose concept
Genetically significant dose
Relative biologic effectiveness

Answer 20

Doubling dose concept

Question 21

Positron emission tomography (PET) makes use of the _____reactions that are a by-product of ____.

Scatter, photoelectric absorption
Emission, photodisintegration
Annihilation, pair production
Compton, the recoil electron

Answer 21

Annihilation, pair production

Question 22

The average energy deposited in material, per unit length of track is:

RBE
LET
OER
LD50/30

Answer 22

LET

Question 23

The most common radioisotope used in nuclear medicine procedures is:

Iodine- 131
Technetium -99m
Fluorine- 18
Iodine – 125

Answer 23

Technetium -99m

Question 24

The National Council for Radiation Protection is responsible for:

Recommendations for occupational and public dose limits for the U.S.

Laws that control the possession, use and production of atomic energy in the U.S.

The development and enforcement of laws pertaining to control of radiation in the environment.

The radiation safety program for facilities that provide imaging services.

Answer 24

Recommendations for occupational and public dose limits for the U.S.