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Radiation Protection > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first American radiation worker to die from radiation-induced cancer on October 2, 1904?

A

Clarence Madison Dally

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2
Q

Once the x-ray photon exits the x-ray tube, but before it enters the patient:

A

Primary radiation

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3
Q

The probability of Photoelectric (PE) interaction occurring is

  1. Increased mass density of biologic material
  2. The use of positive contrast media
  3. A primary photon whose energy is at least 1.022 MeV
A

1 and 2

Increased mass density of biologic material
The use of positive contrast media

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4
Q

Which is the best method of measuring the overall risk of ionizing radiation?

A

EfD

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5
Q

Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes?

A

Ionizing radiation

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6
Q

Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation?

A

Effective dose

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7
Q

Which of the following is another term for coherent scatter?

  1. Characteristic
  2. Classical
  3. Elastic
  4. Unmodified
A

2, 3, and 4

Classical
Elastic
Unmodified

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8
Q

In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the administration to be directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance of the ALARA program

A

Radiation safety officer

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9
Q

Cataract formation, reduced fertility and sterility are classified as:

A

Late tissue reactions of ionizing radiation

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10
Q

What is the most common unit of measure of equivalent dose?

A

Millisevert

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11
Q

Permanent inherent filtration is helpful in which ways?

  1. Hardens the beam
  2. Removes lower energies of the photon beam
  3. Keeps fast-moving electrons from escaping the tube
A

1 and 2

Removes lower energies of the photon beam
Keeps fast-moving electrons from escaping the tube

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12
Q

The main adverse effect of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident is:

A

Thyroid cancer

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13
Q

The millisievert (mSv) is equal to:

A

1/1000 of a sievert

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14
Q

When the radiographer selects 100 kVp on the x-ray console, the x-ray beam will:

A

Contain primary photons with a maximum energy of 100 kVp and have an average energy of 35 kVp

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15
Q

The millisievert (mSv) is equal to:

A

1/1000 of a sievert

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16
Q

The amount of energy per unit mass absorbed by an irradiated object:

A

Absorbed dose

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17
Q

The electromagnetic spectrum can be divided into which two categories?

A

Non-ionizing
Ionizing

18
Q

What is the average dose the US resident receives from background radiation per year?

A

3.1 mSv

19
Q

What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric international system of units?

A

Coulomb per kilogram

20
Q

Absorbed dose is measured in which unit?

A

Gy

21
Q

Coherent scattering is most likely to occur at energy levels less than:

A

10 KeV

22
Q

Photoelectric absorption is an interaction of photons encountering electrons in which of the atom’s shell?

A

Inner

23
Q

Radioactive materials in the Earth’s crust is considered:

A

Natural

24
Q

X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?

A

Ionizing

25
Q

All are particulate radiation except:

Gamma
Alpha
Protons
Beta

Note: SUBATOMIC PARTICLES ARE EJECTED FROM THE NUCLEUS OF ATOMS AT VERY HIGH SPEEDS.
Nuetron is also included.

A

Gamma

26
Q

Which of the following is essentially the sum total of air kerma over the exposed area of the patient’s surface

A

Dose area product

27
Q

Which of the following is classified as nonionizing radiation?

A

Visible light

28
Q

Radiographic fog is caused by:

A

Small angle scatter

29
Q

Which of the following interactions between x-ray photons with matter involve a matter-antimatter annihilation reaction?

A

Pair Production

30
Q

An individual receives the following absorbed doses: 0.5 mGy of X-rays (Wr=1), 0.8 mGy of alpha particles (Wr=20), and 0.3 mGy of Fast neutrons (Wr=20). What is the person’s total Equivalent Dose (EqD)?
(Hint: when calculating, round to the nearest 0. 1/ first decimal place)

A

22.5 mSv

31
Q

The reduction in the number of primary photons in the x-ray beam through absorption or scatter as it passes through an object is referred to as:

A

Attenuation

32
Q

All are included in the cardinal principles of radiation except:

A

Radiologist

33
Q

A radiation weighting factor (WR) has been established for each of the following ionizing radiations: X-rays = 1, Fast neutrons = 20, and Thermal neutrons = 5. What is the total Effective dose (ED) for a person receiving the following exposures to the gonads (WT = 0.2): 2 Gy of x-rays, 1.35 Gy of Fast neutrons, and 2.6 Gy of thermal neutrons?
(Hint: when calculating, round to the nearest 0.1/ first decimal place)

NOTE: EFD = D x WR x WT

A

8.4 Sv

34
Q

0.2 Gy equals ___ mGy

A

200 mGy

35
Q

Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or practice is justified?

A

Diagnostic efficacy

36
Q

lonizing radiation can cause biologic damage on which levels in humans?

  1. Molecular
  2. Cellular
  3. Organic
A

1,2 and 3

37
Q

Cosmic radiation occurs in which two forms?

  1. Artificial
  2. Man-made
  3. Solar
  4. Galactic
A

3 and 4 only

38
Q

Utilizing the BERT method:

  1. does not imply radiation risk, it is simply a means for comparison.
  2. emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment.
  3. provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
A

1, 2, and 3

39
Q

According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which source is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States?

A

Radon

40
Q

Exposure is measured in which unit?

A

C/kg

Radiation Protection (4 decks)

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