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Interpersonal Communication > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Language is a…

A

code

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2
Q

Digital codes

A

use symbols, conveying meaning symbolically, does not resemble the thing represented

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3
Q

Analogic codes

A

have a natural relationship to what they represent; pictures, photographs, drawings, nonverbal signals. Ex.) Picture of you is more representative of your than your name

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4
Q

Three Levels of Language

A

Syntactics, semantics, pragmatics

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5
Q

Syntactics

A

the study of the process by which words are combined and ordered into grammatical sequences. Meaning based on word order

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6
Q

Semantics

A

the study of meaning of language

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7
Q

Pragmatics

A

Investigate language as it is used in actual interaction. use

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8
Q

Syntactical meaning

A

the meaning of a word is partially determined by the words that preceded and follow it.

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9
Q

Denotation

A

Meaning is in words. Dictionary

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10
Q

Connotation

A

Meaning is in people. Home instead of house

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11
Q

Two ways we create meaning

A

direct experience and associations between one symbol and the next. big hairy spider.

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12
Q

Equivocal words

A

more than one dictionary definition. strategic ambiguity is a good thing sometimes

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13
Q

Relative Words

A

gain meaning by comparison. pain on a scale of 1-10

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14
Q

emotive words

A

sound as if they’re describing facts but actually conveying emotion. Extrovert vs loudmouth

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15
Q

euphemism

A

softens the impact of unpleasant information. Can make things unclear

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16
Q

Static Evaluation (Is or the Law of Identity)

A

The assumption that people are consistent and unchanging. John is mean

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17
Q

Fact-Inference Confusion

A

Not being able to distinguish between facts and inferences

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18
Q

Fact Opinion Confusion

A

Not being able to distinguish between fact and opinion

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19
Q

Abstract Words

A

Generalizing about similarities between several objects, people, ideas, or events.

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20
Q

Responsibility Rejection Words

A

These words reject speakers responsibility:
it, but, they, you. Should use I and We

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21
Q

Linguistic Relativism

A

The worldview of a culture is shaped and reflected by the language its members speak

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22
Q

Constitutive

A

rules of meaning

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23
Q

Regulative

A

rules of action

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24
Q

speech acts

A

what the speaker intends to do with the message

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25
Q

Convergence

A

process of adapting one’s speech style to match that of others

26
Q

Divergence

A

Speaking in a way that emphasizes differences

27
Q

To avoid talking down or up

A

Learn principle of equality. You wouldn’t like someone telling you how to do your job

28
Q

To avoid disconfirmation (devalue)

A

learn the principle of confirmation. Acknowledge feelings and validate them

29
Q

To avoid excluding others or in-group talk

A

learn the principle of inclusion. Introduce people.

30
Q

To avoid excessive self talk or excessive other talk

A

learn the principle of balance. Talk about yourself and listen to others talk about themselves.

31
Q

To avoid excessive criticism or undeserved praise

A

learn the principle of honest appraisal. Constructive criticism.

32
Q

To avoid offensive language

A

learn the principle of fairness.

33
Q

sexist language

A

words or expressions that unnecessarily differentiate between females and males

34
Q

racist language

A

classifies members of one racial group as superior and others inferior.

35
Q

Four types of time

A

Biological time (physical, intellectual, emotional), Individual or psychological time (past, present, future), cultural (monochromatic vs polychromatic), intercultural (informal/displaced/diffused), formal, technical

36
Q

is nonverbal communication culture bound

A

yes

37
Q

what kind of differences are there in nonverbal communication

A

gender differences

38
Q

culture influences nonverbal communication

A

emblems
affect displays (how you show emotion)
personal distance
eye contact
facial displays
greeting behavior
time orientation
haptics
vocalics

39
Q

sex influences nonverbal communication

A

emotional expressiveness
eye contact
personal space
vocalics
touch
appearance

40
Q

HURER listening process

A

hearing, understanding, remembering, evaluating, responding

41
Q

barriers to listening

A

information overload, personal concerns, rapid thought, noise.

42
Q

silent listening

A

no words, uh huh, facial expressions that let the speaker know you’re listening.

43
Q

counterfeit questions

A

trap the speaker, make statements, carry hidden agendas, seek correct answers, based on unchecked assumptions.

44
Q

active listening

A

paraphrase the speakers content, express understanding of the speakers feelings, ask questions for clarification

45
Q

listener behavior formula

A

lean forward, look into the speakers eyes and face, use my face, don’t do other tasks, don’t make plans, don’t daydream, don’t judge.

46
Q

pseudolistening

A

pretend listening

47
Q

stage hogging

A

rebuttal tendency, thinking of what to respond with instead of listening to the speaker

48
Q

selective listening

A

only listening to parts

49
Q

filling in the gaps

A

only remembering pieces and filling in with what makes sense

50
Q

assimilation to prior messages

A

I have heard it before so it must be the same, leads to incorrect response

51
Q

insulated listening

A

avoids topics they don’t like. close mindedness

52
Q

defensive listening

A

takes innocent comments as offenses

53
Q

ambushing

A

listens carefully for info to attack the speaker

54
Q

insensitive listening

A

takes everything very literal, competitive interrupting

55
Q

paraphrasing

A

fluently and concisely paraphrases speakers thoughts
fluently and concisely paraphrases speakers feelings
makes open ended requests for the speaker to verify the accuracy og paraphrasing statements
uses appropriate nonverbal attending behaviors.

56
Q

Empathizing

A

requires open mindedness, imagination, commitment

57
Q

empathizing does not

A

deny others the right to their feelings
minimize the significance of the situation
defend the responder
rain on the speakers parade

58
Q

conditions for advice to be beneficial (advising)

A

if you are confident that advice is correct
if person seeking advice is ready to accept it
if you are certain that receiver won’t blame you if advice doesnt work.

59
Q

when do evaluations have the best chance of being received (evaluating)

A

when person with problem has requested an evaluation (what do you think)
when judgement given is genuinely constructive and not a putdown.

60
Q

when is it helpful to offer an analysis (analyzing)

A

when it is given tentatively rather than stated as a fact (maybe we are arguing bc…)
when it has a reasonable chance of being correct
when the other person is receptive to it
when the motive for offering an analysis is truly to help the other person.

61
Q

what are some guidelines for being supportive (supporting)

A

make sure the expression of support is sincere
make sure the other person can accept your support
involves reassuring, comforting, and/or encouraging

Interpersonal Communication (5 decks)

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