Unit 1 Flashcards
Values
what people regard as good/bad, clean/dirty, beautiful/ugly, right/wrong, etc.
Power Distance
The degree to which the culture believes that institutions and organizational power should be distributed unequally.
Uncertainty Avoidance
The degree to which the culture feels threatened by ambiguous situations and tries to avoid uncertainty by establishing more structure.
Individual-Collectivism
This refers to the degree to which a culture relies upon and has an allegiance to the self or a group.
Masculinity-Femininity
This indicates the degree to which a culture values masculine behaviors such as assertiveness or the acquisition of wealth, or feminine behaviors such as caring for others and the quality of life.
High Context
Derives its meaning from the situation or context where the communication is occurring.
Low Context
Message relies heavily on the actual message. Very explicit and direct
Perceived self
your view of yourself
desired self
how you would like to view yourself
presenting self
how you present yourself to others
Rhetorical Sensitivity
Avoid forming messages without regard for the other yet does not simply try to placate others.
Realize that there are times when an idea should not be communicated.
Intimacy
Arises from a close union, contact, association, or acquaintance.
Distance
It is separation a weakening of bonds between people.
Breadth
Refers to the range of subjects and issues you talk about
Depth
How deeply you share. Quality of interactions over topic.
Linear Communication
Sender sends message through a channel to receiver. One way communication
Interactive Communication
Involves feedback and two way communication
Transactional Communication
More complex. People are simultaneously communicating through entire interaction
Interpersonal vs impersonal (4)
Look at uniqueness, interdependence, disclosure, and intrinsic rewards
communication competence
ability to communicate in personally effective and socially appropriate manner
intercultural communication
members of two or more cultures or co-cultures are interacting in a way that is influenced by their different cultural perceptions
Technical level (cultural iceberg)
Rules for social and nonverbal behavior that are openly known and easily stated by most citizens. Deliberately taught and have reasoning for them
Formal level (cultural iceberg)
These rules are known by members of the culture but the reasons are unknown. Rituals, traditions, etiquette
Informal level (cultural iceberg)
Rules that are hard to see. Learned unconsciously through imitation. We move away from people when they stare at us.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
1.) make a prediction
2.) act towards person or yourself as if prediction was true
3.) because you act as if the belief is true, it becomes true
4.) reflection on process strengthens your beliefs.
Theory of reflected appraisal
self-concept is developed through significant others
Theory of social comparison
self-concept is developed through reference groups.
The Johari Window
open self - info both ppl know
blind self - idk but others know
hidden self - I know but others don’t
unknown self - both ppl don’t know
Perception Process
1.) selection
2.) organization
3.) interpretation
4.) negotiation
factors that cause us to notice things
prominence, intensity, repetitious, unusual
Schema
a cognitive structure that helps us process and organize information
Prototype
an organized set of knowledge that reflects the best example of a category of persons, objects, or events
Personal construct
a mental yardstick. Answers what are its characteristics and what do I think about it
Stereotype
a set if beliefs about the probable behavior of members of a particular group
Script
a coherent sequence of events expected by the individual either as a participant or as an observer
5 ways to size people up
1.) Personal constructs
2.) implicit personality theory (halo, reverse halo, primacy, recency, central traits)
3.) self-fulfilling prophecies
4.) cognitive complexity (differentiation, abstraction, integration)
5.) attribution theory
fundamental attribution error
we tend to blame bad stuff on others but give ourselves a lot of grace
false consensus error
we assume others are like us or think like us
defensive attributions
blaming innocent victims
self centered bias
we say we made more contributions than others in a group project
improving info processing 7
look for variety of cues, seek out more info, formulate hypotheses, not conclusions, heighten awareness of contradictory cues, avoid mind reading, recognize diversity in people, be aware of your own biases.
perception checking
1.) describes behavior
2.) states two interpretations that are distinctively different
3.) makes an objective open ended request for feedback
for perception checking to work
accept responsibility and talk in non threatening tone
requirements of empathy
open mindedness, imagination, commitment
