unit 2 Flashcards
Bourgeoisie
The group of people that owns and derives power from controlling the means of production
Capitalism
An economic system where the means of production is privately owned and profit is earned in competitive conditions
Cultural Hegemony
When society is dominated by one ruling class and the ruling class’s ideas and beliefs are the cultural norm
Desensitization
The process of becoming familiar with a stimulus, which reduces a person’s reaction to it
Eros
The energy that is expressed through parts of our body at different stages, connected to pleasure and immediate satisfaction
Fight or Flight
The instinctual reaction of the body to any stressor, increased blood flow and adrenaline preparing the mind and body for instant action
Hedonistic behaviour
When someone allows the id to become too strong, and behaviour focuses on meeting a person’s immediate need for happiness without focusing on future consequences
George H. Mead’s true selves
Social Self: An accumulated understanding of what we observe
True Self: A person’s actions or reactions that are self-initiated or a reaction to a situation, source of spontaneity and creativity, can only be known upon reflection
Logos
An appeal to logic and reason
Ethos
An appeal to credibility or character
Pathos
An appeal to emotion
Malthusian Growth Model
Increases in population will only decrease through calamities, the population will expand so that it will overtake the development of sufficient land for crops
Looking-glass self
Identity and personality are created through social interactions, forms by imagining what others think of their behaviour and appearance
Normalization
The process in which a social phenomenon becomes accepted as normal or common and part of mainstream beliefs
Organic specialization
A set of specialized entities working together to create a larger functioning organism, the rest of the working environment is alienated from the worker
Ego defense mechanisms
Displacement: Redirecting emotions to a substitute target
Sublimation: Redirecting incorrect urges into socially acceptable actions
Denial: Claiming and/or believing what is true to be actually false
Projection: Attributing uncomfortable feelings to others
Rationalization: Creating false but credible justifications for particular behaviours
Reaction Formation: Converting anxious thoughts into their opposites
Suppression: Pushing uncomfortable thoughts into the unconscious
Five negative effects of overpopulation
Natural resource depletion, environmental degradation, conflicts and wars, unemployment, high cost of living
Petty bourgeoisie
Lower middle class, typically tradespeople, shop owners, and craftspeople who sell their trade
Proletariat
Poorest class of people who work to serve the ruling class and sell themselves as workers
Replacement fertility rate
Average number of children that a woman must have to result in the same population size
Thanatos
The death drive, the destructive force
Labour theory of value
The value of a commodity is related to the cost to produce it, companies will try to pay as small of an amount as possible for workers
Alienation
Separating the worker from the final product of the work
Quiet Revolution
Instilling revolutionary drives through education
