unit 1 test 1

Question 1

Anthropology

Answer 1

Study of human species, origin, and its development of language and culture

Question 2

Psychology

Answer 2

Study of human mind and individual behaviour

Question 3

Sociology

Answer 3

Study of society and social behaviour

Question 4

4 Kinds of Anthropology

Answer 4

Cultural, Archeological, Linguistic, Psychological / Biological

Question 5

Rite of Passage

Answer 5

Marks a time when a person is moving from one state to another

Question 6

Ethnography (Malinowski)

Answer 6

Branch of anthropology, systematic study of different cultures

Question 7

Id

Answer 7

Prompts us to seek physical satisfaction

Question 8

Ego

Answer 8

“Referee” between the Id and the Superego, most conscious self

Question 9

Superego

Answer 9

Prompts us to do the most moral thing

Question 10

Deviance

Answer 10

Not acting to the social norms

Question 11

Norms

Answer 11

The set of expectations that everyone in society is expected to follow

Question 12

Status Quo

Answer 12

The general stable state of affairs of a society

Question 13

Collectivist Society

Answer 13

A society where the group has priority over the individuals in the group

Question 14

Individualist Society

Answer 14

A society where the individuals have priority over the group.

Question 15

Ethnocentrism

Answer 15

When one’s own culture is used as a frame of reference when studying other cultures

Question 16

Intercultural Contact

Answer 16

When people from different cultural backgrounds interact with each other in a contact zone

Question 17

Command class

Answer 17

The group of people that has more power

Question 18

Obey class

Answer 18

The group of people that has less power

Question 19

Confirmation bias

Answer 19

The tendency to seek out people or information that correlates with what someone already believes

Question 20

Qualitative Data

Answer 20

Information that is based on observations, more subjective

Question 21

Quantitative Data

Answer 21

Information that is more numerical, less subjective

Question 22

Participant Observation

Answer 22

To actively participate and join a group of people in a specific culture to learn more about the culture

Question 23

Social dynamics

Answer 23

Study of continuous movements in social phenomena

Question 24

Social Statics

Answer 24

Study of the societies conditions at an exact point of time

Question 25

Social paradigm shift

Answer 25

Change in societal values

Question 26

Paradigm paralysis

Answer 26

Resistance towards the change in societal values, failure of social paradigm shift

Question 27

Social Epidemics

Answer 27

Theory that ideas and behaviours spread in society similar to a virus

Question 28

Law of the Few

Answer 28

Success relies on 20% of the population doing 80% of the work Connectors, Mavens, Salesmen

Question 29

Connectors - Law of the Few

Answer 29

Brings people in different social circles together

Question 30

Mavens - Law of the Few

Answer 30

People who have the ability to acquire information and pass it to other people

Question 31

Salesmen - Law of the Few

Answer 31

People who are able to persuade other people into agreeing with them

Question 32

The Stickiness Factor

Answer 32

The presentation of ideas such that people remember and understand the context

Question 33

Power of Context

Answer 33

Social epidemics are linked to the conditions and circumstances

Question 34

Cultural Materialism

Answer 34

The culture of a group of people is based off what they have access to

Question 35

Structuralism

Answer 35

Cultural norms are based on common properties of the human mind

Question 36

Functionalism

Answer 36

Services function in order to serve the needs of the people in the society

Question 37

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 37

Human behaviours are based on innate desires of the human mind, id, ego, superego

Question 38

Learning Theory

Answer 38

Human behaviour is based on what they see others doing as a child

Question 39

Behaviorism

Answer 39

Human behaviour is based on how children are taught what to do

Question 40

Marxism

Answer 40

Belief that economic power creates social structure

Question 41

Feminism (all forms)

Answer 41

The focus on sex and gender inequality

Question 42

Structural Functionalism

Answer 42

Belief that the purpose of society is to provide for its members

Question 43

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 43

Belief that humans have complex minds and attach their own meanings to stimuli

Question 44

Cognitive Consistency

Answer 44

When information is the same as one’s own thoughts

Question 45

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 45

When information is different than one’s own thoughts

Question 46

Diffusion

Answer 46

The transfer of cultural traits from one society to another (one group changes)

Question 47

Acculturation

Answer 47

The transfer of cultural traits from one society to another (both groups change)

Question 48

External Factors of Change

Answer 48

Physical Environment - Physical changes to the environment where a society stands Population Changes - Mass immigration or emigration Proximity - Physical distance between two societies Social Environment - Collectivist vs Individualist social environment Culture and Social Values - Willingness to accept change Technology - Advances in technology

Question 49

Evolutionary Theory

Answer 49

Belief in evolution from simple to complex creatures

Question 50

Cyclical Theory

Answer 50

Belief in growth, peak, and decline of a cultural trend

Question 51

Challenge and Response

Answer 51

Belief in the ability to successfully respond to threats

Question 52

Functionalist Theory

Answer 52

Belief that society maintains stability, function is transferred between institutions

Question 53

Conflict Theory

Answer 53

Belief that change brings disorganisation which causes conflict, which then causes more change