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challenge and change > unit 1 test 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anthropology

A

Study of human species, origin, and its development of language and culture

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2
Q

Psychology

A

Study of human mind and individual behaviour

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3
Q

Sociology

A

Study of society and social behaviour

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4
Q

4 Kinds of Anthropology

A

Cultural, Archeological, Linguistic, Psychological / Biological

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5
Q

Rite of Passage

A

Marks a time when a person is moving from one state to another

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6
Q

Ethnography (Malinowski)

A

Branch of anthropology, systematic study of different cultures

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7
Q

Id

A

Prompts us to seek physical satisfaction

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8
Q

Ego

A

“Referee” between the Id and the Superego, most conscious self

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9
Q

Superego

A

Prompts us to do the most moral thing

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10
Q

Deviance

A

Not acting to the social norms

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11
Q

Norms

A

The set of expectations that everyone in society is expected to follow

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12
Q

Status Quo

A

The general stable state of affairs of a society

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13
Q

Collectivist Society

A

A society where the group has priority over the individuals in the group

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14
Q

Individualist Society

A

A society where the individuals have priority over the group.

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15
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

When one’s own culture is used as a frame of reference when studying other cultures

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16
Q

Intercultural Contact

A

When people from different cultural backgrounds interact with each other in a contact zone

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17
Q

Command class

A

The group of people that has more power

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18
Q

Obey class

A

The group of people that has less power

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19
Q

Confirmation bias

A

The tendency to seek out people or information that correlates with what someone already believes

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20
Q

Qualitative Data

A

Information that is based on observations, more subjective

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21
Q

Quantitative Data

A

Information that is more numerical, less subjective

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22
Q

Participant Observation

A

To actively participate and join a group of people in a specific culture to learn more about the culture

23
Q

Social dynamics

A

Study of continuous movements in social phenomena

24
Q

Social Statics

A

Study of the societies conditions at an exact point of time

25
Q

Social paradigm shift

A

Change in societal values

26
Q

Paradigm paralysis

A

Resistance towards the change in societal values, failure of social paradigm shift

27
Q

Social Epidemics

A

Theory that ideas and behaviours spread in society similar to a virus

28
Q

Law of the Few

A

Success relies on 20% of the population doing 80% of the work
Connectors, Mavens, Salesmen

29
Q

Connectors - Law of the Few

A

Brings people in different social circles together

30
Q

Mavens - Law of the Few

A

People who have the ability to acquire information and pass it to other people

31
Q

Salesmen - Law of the Few

A

People who are able to persuade other people into agreeing with them

32
Q

The Stickiness Factor

A

The presentation of ideas such that people remember and understand the context

33
Q

Power of Context

A

Social epidemics are linked to the conditions and circumstances

34
Q

Cultural Materialism

A

The culture of a group of people is based off what they have access to

35
Q

Structuralism

A

Cultural norms are based on common properties of the human mind

36
Q

Functionalism

A

Services function in order to serve the needs of the people in the society

37
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Human behaviours are based on innate desires of the human mind, id, ego, superego

38
Q

Learning Theory

A

Human behaviour is based on what they see others doing as a child

39
Q

Behaviorism

A

Human behaviour is based on how children are taught what to do

40
Q

Marxism

A

Belief that economic power creates social structure

41
Q

Feminism (all forms)

A

The focus on sex and gender inequality

42
Q

Structural Functionalism

A

Belief that the purpose of society is to provide for its members

43
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A

Belief that humans have complex minds and attach their own meanings to stimuli

44
Q

Cognitive Consistency

A

When information is the same as one’s own thoughts

45
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

When information is different than one’s own thoughts

46
Q

Diffusion

A

The transfer of cultural traits from one society to another (one group changes)

47
Q

Acculturation

A

The transfer of cultural traits from one society to another (both groups change)

48
Q

External Factors of Change

A

Physical Environment - Physical changes to the environment where a society stands
Population Changes - Mass immigration or emigration
Proximity - Physical distance between two societies
Social Environment - Collectivist vs Individualist social environment
Culture and Social Values - Willingness to accept change
Technology - Advances in technology

49
Q

Evolutionary Theory

A

Belief in evolution from simple to complex creatures

50
Q

Cyclical Theory

A

Belief in growth, peak, and decline of a cultural trend

51
Q

Challenge and Response

A

Belief in the ability to successfully respond to threats

52
Q

Functionalist Theory

A

Belief that society maintains stability, function is transferred between institutions

53
Q

Conflict Theory

A

Belief that change brings disorganisation which causes conflict, which then causes more change

challenge and change (6 decks)

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