unit 2 Flashcards
what is the compound called that contains carbon and hydrogen
hydrocarbon
what is an homologous series
a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties but the same general formula
what are the three homologous series
Alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkanes
what is the general formula of alkanes
CnH2n+2
why are alkanes and cycloalkanes different to alkenes
they only contain carbon to carbon single bonds
why are alkenes different to alkanes and cycloalkanes
because they contain carbon to carbon double bonds
what is the general formula for alkenes
CnH2n
why are alkanes and cycloalkanes soluble in water
because they contain carboncto carbon single bonds
why are alkenes insoluble
because they contain carbon to carbon double bonds
what is an addition reaction
is when unsaturated componds (alkenes) change bromine water orane to colourless
what happens to the colour of bromine water when it reacts with alkanes
stays orange
what happens to the colur of bromine water whenit reacts with alkenes
orange to colourless
what is the process called when you react hydrogen and alkenes to form alkanes
Hydrogenation
what is the process called whenalenes react with water to form alcohols
Hydration
what is an isomer
Are compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formula
what is the most common isomer
branched chain
what are everyday consumer products
alcohols and carboxylic acids
what happens as the melting and boiling points increase
the carbons increase
why does the increase of carbons increase the melting and boiling points
the larger the molecule, the stronger the intermolecular forces of attraction between the molecules
what do alcohols contain
the hydroxyl group (OH-)
what are uses of alcohols
food/ drink
hand sanitiser/disinfectant
what is a carbolic acid
Ph less than 7
shortand strucural formula -COOH
has the ‘carboxyl’ functional group
what is a combustion reaction
combustion reactiona react with water to releae energy
what is an exothermic reaction
energy is released from a reaction
what is an endothermic reaction
energy is taken in by the reaction
what is a product of a hydrocarbon combustion
hydrocarbon + oxygen—> carbon dioxide + water
what does the limewater do in a combustion reaction
colourless to cloudy
what does colbalt chloride do in a combustion reaction
Blue to pink
what are the two acids that can cause acid rain
Sulfer dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
what forms due to incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon
Carbon monoxide
what form due to not enough oxygen (incomplete combustion)
corbon monoxide + SOOT
Why is carbon monoxide formed
Due to incomplete combustion
Why are carbon monoxide and soot formed
Due to lack of oxygen
Gases can be reduced by doing what
Make sure there is plenty of oxygen
Remove sulfur before burning fuel
