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Nat 5 Chem > unit 2 > Flashcards

unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the compound called that contains carbon and hydrogen

A

hydrocarbon

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2
Q

what is an homologous series

A

a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties but the same general formula

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3
Q

what are the three homologous series

A

Alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkanes

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4
Q

what is the general formula of alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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5
Q

why are alkanes and cycloalkanes different to alkenes

A

they only contain carbon to carbon single bonds

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6
Q

why are alkenes different to alkanes and cycloalkanes

A

because they contain carbon to carbon double bonds

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7
Q

what is the general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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8
Q

why are alkanes and cycloalkanes soluble in water

A

because they contain carboncto carbon single bonds

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9
Q

why are alkenes insoluble

A

because they contain carbon to carbon double bonds

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10
Q

what is an addition reaction

A

is when unsaturated componds (alkenes) change bromine water orane to colourless

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11
Q

what happens to the colour of bromine water when it reacts with alkanes

A

stays orange

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12
Q

what happens to the colur of bromine water whenit reacts with alkenes

A

orange to colourless

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13
Q

what is the process called when you react hydrogen and alkenes to form alkanes

A

Hydrogenation

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14
Q

what is the process called whenalenes react with water to form alcohols

A

Hydration

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15
Q

what is an isomer

A

Are compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formula

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16
Q

what is the most common isomer

A

branched chain

17
Q

what are everyday consumer products

A

alcohols and carboxylic acids

18
Q

what happens as the melting and boiling points increase

A

the carbons increase

19
Q

why does the increase of carbons increase the melting and boiling points

A

the larger the molecule, the stronger the intermolecular forces of attraction between the molecules

20
Q

what do alcohols contain

A

the hydroxyl group (OH-)

21
Q

what are uses of alcohols

A

food/ drink
hand sanitiser/disinfectant

22
Q

what is a carbolic acid

A

Ph less than 7
shortand strucural formula -COOH
has the ‘carboxyl’ functional group

23
Q

what is a combustion reaction

A

combustion reactiona react with water to releae energy

24
Q

what is an exothermic reaction

A

energy is released from a reaction

25
Q

what is an endothermic reaction

A

energy is taken in by the reaction

26
Q

what is a product of a hydrocarbon combustion

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen—> carbon dioxide + water

27
Q

what does the limewater do in a combustion reaction

A

colourless to cloudy

28
Q

what does colbalt chloride do in a combustion reaction

A

Blue to pink

29
Q

what are the two acids that can cause acid rain

A

Sulfer dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide

30
Q

what forms due to incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon

A

Carbon monoxide

31
Q

what form due to not enough oxygen (incomplete combustion)

A

corbon monoxide + SOOT

32
Q

Why is carbon monoxide formed

A

Due to incomplete combustion

33
Q

Why are carbon monoxide and soot formed

A

Due to lack of oxygen

34
Q

Gases can be reduced by doing what

A

Make sure there is plenty of oxygen
Remove sulfur before burning fuel

Nat 5 Chem (12 decks)

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