Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrophobic molecules

A

O2, CO2, N2, can pass thru

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2
Q

Small, uncharged polar molecules

A

H2O, glycerol, can pass thru

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3
Q

Large, uncharged polar molecules

A

Glucose, sucrose, need transport molecule

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4
Q

Ions

A

H+, Na+, HCO3-, Ca2+, Cl, need transport molecule

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5
Q

paracrine signaling

A

a signaling cell acts on nearby target cells by secreting molecules of a local regulator (ex growth factor)

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6
Q

synaptic signaling

A

a nerve cell releases neurotransmitter molecules into a synapse, stimulating the target cell, such as a muscle or another nerve cell

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7
Q

ligand gated ion channel receptor

A

channel remains closed until ligand (signaling molecule binds to the receptor), specific ions can then flow through

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8
Q

three types of signaling

A
  1. ligand gated ion channel (signal binds to passive ion channel, opens it, some nerve chennels work this way) 2. steroid signal with intra-cellular receptor
  2. signal transductin signal with membrane surface receptor
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9
Q

cyclic AMP is made from

A

an ATP molecule by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase

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10
Q

phophodiesterase

A

inactivates cAMP by converting it into inactive non-cyclic adenonsine monophosphate (AMP)

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11
Q

More free energy

A
  • higher G
  • less stable
  • more work capacity
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12
Q

Less free energy

A
  • smaller G
  • more stable
  • less work capacity
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