Unit 2 Flashcards
GI time for small meals
fast GI time
GI time for fatty meals
slow GI time
GI time for canned diets
fast GI time
GI time for dry diets
slow GI time
GI time for insoluble fiber
fast GI time
GI time for soluble fiber
slow GI time
T or F:
No matter what food we eat, we cannot change the balance of microbes in our GI tract.
false
T or F:
Dogs & cats have different microbiomes in their GI tracts.
True
T or F:
Cats have a higher protein requirement than dogs.
True
T or F:
Proteins are always being broken down & re-built, & proteins are always needed in the diet.
True
T or F:
Stress or fear can impact the amount of gastric secretions in animals.
True
What species is in a constant state of gluconeogenesis?
cats
What 2 sugars are not tolerated very well in companion animals, especially in cats?
lactose
sucrose
T or F:
It’s important to feed young animals for optimal growth regardless of their skeletal development.
False
Fatty acids that are incorporated into phospholipids in skin cells in a waxy lipid molecule called _____________ that helps make the skin water-resistant.
ceramides
Which fatty acid is critical in developing the cell membranes of neurologic tissues & eye development, especially during fetal & neonatal development?
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Fat in stools (often as a result of undigested fat) is known as what?
Steatorrhea
What type of deficiency often results in slowed growth in young animals, reduced lean body mass, & decreased serum albumin resulting in edema?
Protein
Feline central retinal degeneration & dilated cardiomyopathy are associated with deficiencies of what amino acid?
Taurine
T or F:
Excess proteins in the diet can lead to renal disease in dogs & cats.
False
Which fatty acids are essential fatty acids
omega 3
omega 6
What, generally, is rancidity? AND what can be added to the food to prevent it?
oxidization of the unsaturated fatty acids due to prolonged exposure to excess heat and/or humidity
antioxidants can be added
Which species is more likely to quickly resolve dehydration on their own by drinking water?
dog
What is one extra factor that may change how much water an animal needs to consume?
Physical exercise
Body or environment temp
Changes to kidney
Lactation
Water in pet’s food
Species
How does lactation impact the energy needs of an animal?
increases energy needs
What is one factor that may impact the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of an dog?
Gender
Repro status
Hormonal status
Autonomic nervous system function
Body composition
Body surface area
Nutritional stage
Age
Caloric restriction
When insulin is given/released, does this increase or decrease hunger in an animal?
increase
What part of the diencephalon controls hunger?
hypothalamus
Spayed and neutered animals are more or less likely to be obese compared to their counterparts?
more likely
Do dogs tend to eat more or less food when other dogs are around?
more
When you are at Olive Garden, with which meal will you be more likely to know you are adequately “full”? Think about how the nutrients in your food let you feel satiated.
Meal A: Fried mozzarella appetizer. A little bit of penne with lots of alfredo sauce. Cheesecake.
Meal B: Salad with veggies, croutons, and chicken. Spaghetti and sausage with small amount marinara sauce.
meal B
Feline diets need to have active forms of which nutrients
Vitamin A
Niacin
Taurine
Arginine
Arachidonic Acid
The amount of energy that an animal expends just maintaining vital functions while in a thermoneutral environment in a fasting state is known as what?
basal metabolic rate
What kind of nitrogen balance should a pregnant animal have?
positive nitrogen balance
T or F:
It’s important to feed young animals for optimal growth regardless of their skeletal development.
False
A toxicity of which nutrient can cause deforming cervical spondylosis in cats?
Vitamin A
A deficiency of which vitamin leads to rickets in growing animals & osteomalacia in adult animals?
vitamin D
A deficiency of what vitamin leads to pansteatitis in cats?
Vitamin E
When animals have more phosphorus in their diet than is needed (compared to calcium) and have soft bones leading to fractures & joint swelling, what is this disease called?
Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism
Eclampsia in lactating companion animals is caused by a deficiency of what nutrient?
Calcium
Easter Lilies and several members of the Lilium family have been shown to cause the following:
kidney failure in cats
Concentrated permethrin insecticides should never be used on:
cats
What is the ingredient in sugar free gum that is toxic to animals?
xylitol
What is the correct order of chocolates from LEAST to MOST toxic (list the following: Baker, Dark, White, Milk).
white
milk
dark
baker
T or F:
Before WWII, most pet foods were canned.
True
Which governing body of pet foods enforces the Federal Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Act?
FDA
Which governing body inspects & regulates research facilities utilized by pet food manufacturers?
USDA
Which one of the following lab abnormalities is frequently seen with acetaminophen (Tylenol) toxicity in cats?
Methemoglobinuria (brown urine)
