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Nutrition Final > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

GI time for small meals

A

fast GI time

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2
Q

GI time for fatty meals

A

slow GI time

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3
Q

GI time for canned diets

A

fast GI time

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4
Q

GI time for dry diets

A

slow GI time

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5
Q

GI time for insoluble fiber

A

fast GI time

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6
Q

GI time for soluble fiber

A

slow GI time

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7
Q

T or F:

No matter what food we eat, we cannot change the balance of microbes in our GI tract.

A

false

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8
Q

T or F:

Dogs & cats have different microbiomes in their GI tracts.

A

True

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9
Q

T or F:

Cats have a higher protein requirement than dogs.

A

True

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10
Q

T or F:

Proteins are always being broken down & re-built, & proteins are always needed in the diet.

A

True

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11
Q

T or F:

Stress or fear can impact the amount of gastric secretions in animals.

A

True

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12
Q

What species is in a constant state of gluconeogenesis?

A

cats

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13
Q

What 2 sugars are not tolerated very well in companion animals, especially in cats?

A

lactose
sucrose

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14
Q

T or F:

It’s important to feed young animals for optimal growth regardless of their skeletal development.

A

False

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15
Q

Fatty acids that are incorporated into phospholipids in skin cells in a waxy lipid molecule called _____________ that helps make the skin water-resistant.

A

ceramides

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16
Q

Which fatty acid is critical in developing the cell membranes of neurologic tissues & eye development, especially during fetal & neonatal development?

A

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

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17
Q

Fat in stools (often as a result of undigested fat) is known as what?

A

Steatorrhea

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18
Q

What type of deficiency often results in slowed growth in young animals, reduced lean body mass, & decreased serum albumin resulting in edema?

A

Protein

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19
Q

Feline central retinal degeneration & dilated cardiomyopathy are associated with deficiencies of what amino acid?

A

Taurine

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20
Q

T or F:

Excess proteins in the diet can lead to renal disease in dogs & cats.

A

False

21
Q

Which fatty acids are essential fatty acids

A

omega 3
omega 6

22
Q

What, generally, is rancidity? AND what can be added to the food to prevent it?

A

oxidization of the unsaturated fatty acids due to prolonged exposure to excess heat and/or humidity

antioxidants can be added

23
Q

Which species is more likely to quickly resolve dehydration on their own by drinking water?

A

dog

24
Q

What is one extra factor that may change how much water an animal needs to consume?

A

Physical exercise
Body or environment temp
Changes to kidney
Lactation
Water in pet’s food
Species

25
Q

How does lactation impact the energy needs of an animal?

A

increases energy needs

26
Q

What is one factor that may impact the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of an dog?

A

Gender
Repro status
Hormonal status
Autonomic nervous system function
Body composition
Body surface area
Nutritional stage
Age
Caloric restriction

27
Q

When insulin is given/released, does this increase or decrease hunger in an animal?

A

increase

28
Q

What part of the diencephalon controls hunger?

A

hypothalamus

29
Q

Spayed and neutered animals are more or less likely to be obese compared to their counterparts?

A

more likely

30
Q

Do dogs tend to eat more or less food when other dogs are around?

A

more

31
Q

When you are at Olive Garden, with which meal will you be more likely to know you are adequately “full”? Think about how the nutrients in your food let you feel satiated.

Meal A: Fried mozzarella appetizer. A little bit of penne with lots of alfredo sauce. Cheesecake.

Meal B: Salad with veggies, croutons, and chicken. Spaghetti and sausage with small amount marinara sauce.

A

meal B

32
Q

Feline diets need to have active forms of which nutrients

A

Vitamin A
Niacin
Taurine
Arginine
Arachidonic Acid

33
Q

The amount of energy that an animal expends just maintaining vital functions while in a thermoneutral environment in a fasting state is known as what?

A

basal metabolic rate

34
Q

What kind of nitrogen balance should a pregnant animal have?

A

positive nitrogen balance

35
Q

T or F:

It’s important to feed young animals for optimal growth regardless of their skeletal development.

A

False

36
Q

A toxicity of which nutrient can cause deforming cervical spondylosis in cats?

A

Vitamin A

37
Q

A deficiency of which vitamin leads to rickets in growing animals & osteomalacia in adult animals?

A

vitamin D

38
Q

A deficiency of what vitamin leads to pansteatitis in cats?

A

Vitamin E

39
Q

When animals have more phosphorus in their diet than is needed (compared to calcium) and have soft bones leading to fractures & joint swelling, what is this disease called?

A

Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism

40
Q

Eclampsia in lactating companion animals is caused by a deficiency of what nutrient?

A

Calcium

41
Q

Easter Lilies and several members of the Lilium family have been shown to cause the following:

A

kidney failure in cats

42
Q

Concentrated permethrin insecticides should never be used on:

A

cats

43
Q

What is the ingredient in sugar free gum that is toxic to animals?

A

xylitol

44
Q

What is the correct order of chocolates from LEAST to MOST toxic (list the following: Baker, Dark, White, Milk).

A

white

milk

dark

baker

45
Q

T or F:

Before WWII, most pet foods were canned.

A

True

46
Q

Which governing body of pet foods enforces the Federal Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Act?

A

FDA

47
Q

Which governing body inspects & regulates research facilities utilized by pet food manufacturers?

A

USDA

48
Q

Which one of the following lab abnormalities is frequently seen with acetaminophen (Tylenol) toxicity in cats?

A

Methemoglobinuria (brown urine)

Nutrition Final (4 decks)

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