Unit 4 Flashcards
A foster family calls you and asks when you recommend that they start the puppies they have on solid food. When should they offer semi-solid foods and what are 2 options they have to introduce them to solid food?
at 3 to 4 weeks of age
soak puppy kibble in water or offer a soft puppy food
T or F:
It is normal for pregnant dogs to stop eating briefly the 3rd week of gestation.
True
T or F:
Feeding a dog a lot of extra calcium right before parturition can actually lead to eclampsia down the line.
True
When during gestation should pregnant dogs start to be given an increased amount of her diet?
5th week of gestation
What are the 2 most important nutrient considerations for lactating dogs & cats?
water
energy
What can you do to a lactating dog or cat’s feeding schedule to help reduce the risk of mastitis after the offspring are weaned?
withhold food the day of weaning and slowly increase food back to regular amount over the next few days, this will help decrease milk production
Describe how one should position/hold a neonatal companion animal when they are being bottle-fed.
in their natural position (on their tummy) with their head slightly elevated - never hold them on their back, upside down
If a milk replacer’s concentration is too high or the milk that the neonate is being fed is changed too quickly, what is the primary problem that occurs?
diarrhea
Put these in order (1-3): The best nutrition for orphaned neonates comes from
- Homemade formulas
- Foster mother’s milk
- Commercial milk replacers
foster mom’s milk
commercial milk replaces
homemade formulas
Puppies & kittens get which four key important components from colostrum
Immunoglobulins
Bioactive factors
Fluids/water
Specialized nutrition for neonates
Puppies & kittens have low _____ until they are 3 weeks of age
gastric acid
T or F:
It is acceptable to feed puppies cat’s milk & kittens dog’s milk because they are nearly identical.
False
When does the most rapid growth occur in puppies & kittens?
3 to 6 months
What problem commonly occurs when large & giant breed dogs are fed for maximal growth?
Orthopedic problems
In addition to Vitamin D3, having too much of what mineral in a large-breed puppy’s diet can cause bone problems?
Calcium
Protein levels in puppy & kitten foods should be slightly ______ compared to adult pet maintenance foods.
Higher
T or F:
In growing animals, it is important for breeders to add calcium & phosphorus to commercial diets that are already complete & balanced for optimal bone growth.
False
Food for growing puppies & kittens needs to be _____ digestible than that for adult dogs.
more
In growing animals, retinal function & brain development/learning are improved by having what fatty acid in the diet?
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
What is the main of source energy in aerobic metabolism?
fats
What is the main source of energy in anaerobic metabolism?
glycogen
Where does much of our knowledge about endurance performance dogs come from?
Alaskan Sled Dogs
What nutrient should be limited in dogs that need to have a good sense of smell to do their jobs?
saturated fatty acids
Why do endurance performance dogs need more protein in their diet than their couch potato counterparts?
they need to build up their muscles so they are strong for being so active
strong muscles help prevent muscle damage or muscle turn over
Lean muscle mass _______ & bone mass ______ as an animal ages.
decreases
decreases
What can be added to the diet to help prevent cognitive dysfunction syndrome?
antioxidants
Why should egg whites in foods be limited unless they are cooked?
Contains inhibitory substances that change metabolism of nutrients
What enzyme do dogs & cats lack that make it difficult for them to digest milk?
lactase
If an owner must share table scraps, what is the highest amount of the diet that should come from these bits of meat, veggies, & grains?
5 - 10%
T or F:
Dogs that exhibit coprophagy are often deficient in certain minerals or have significant GI disease.
false
T or F:
Skeletal muscle/meat alone can supply a complete diet for a dog or cat.
false
T or F:
Vet techs can talk to clients about supplements.
True
Compared to large breed puppy food, small breed puppy diets should have ______ energy & nutrient density.
increased
In which species can young animals be free-fed more readily (can self-regulate more)?
cats
What is the medical term for an increased in the size & number of fat cells in the body due to obesity at a young age?
hyperplastic obesity
What percentage of dogs or cats in the US are overweight or obese?
20-40%
Name at least 2 ways that owners can prevent obesity in healthy adult cats.
make sure they are feeding the correct diet for their needs and not allowing free feeding if the cat isn’t regulating it’s meals
playing with them with interactive toys so that they get exercise
T or F:
Dogs & cats may have multiple diseases as they age.
True
What percentage of nephrons are damaged before we notice outward clinic signs of kidney failure?
75%
How does a pet’s immune system change as they become geriatric?
Weakens
What can be added to the diet to help prevent cognitive dysfunction syndrome?
antioxidants
What happens to the skin & coat of animals as they age?
Skin less elastic & less melanocytes in hair
the natural time dependent stages of life
aging process
deteriorative changes that may impact a pets healthy and quality of life
senescence
What substance is in the tears & saliva of dogs that turns the coat red when exposed to sunlight & does not cause any additional clinical signs?
porphyrin
T or F:
Atherosclerosis caused by the diet is common in cats & dogs.
False
T or F:
Dogs that have a coat color change to red often have this occur because of the beets in the diet.
False
T or F:
Dogs & cats can have very small amounts of dairy products.
True
Generally, geriatric dogs need usually need ______ protein and _______ fats in their diet compared to adult dogs.
increased
decreased
