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Nutrition Final > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

A foster family calls you and asks when you recommend that they start the puppies they have on solid food. When should they offer semi-solid foods and what are 2 options they have to introduce them to solid food?

A

at 3 to 4 weeks of age

soak puppy kibble in water or offer a soft puppy food

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2
Q

T or F:

It is normal for pregnant dogs to stop eating briefly the 3rd week of gestation.

A

True

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3
Q

T or F:

Feeding a dog a lot of extra calcium right before parturition can actually lead to eclampsia down the line.

A

True

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4
Q

When during gestation should pregnant dogs start to be given an increased amount of her diet?

A

5th week of gestation

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5
Q

What are the 2 most important nutrient considerations for lactating dogs & cats?

A

water
energy

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6
Q

What can you do to a lactating dog or cat’s feeding schedule to help reduce the risk of mastitis after the offspring are weaned?

A

withhold food the day of weaning and slowly increase food back to regular amount over the next few days, this will help decrease milk production

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7
Q

Describe how one should position/hold a neonatal companion animal when they are being bottle-fed.

A

in their natural position (on their tummy) with their head slightly elevated - never hold them on their back, upside down

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8
Q

If a milk replacer’s concentration is too high or the milk that the neonate is being fed is changed too quickly, what is the primary problem that occurs?

A

diarrhea

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9
Q

Put these in order (1-3): The best nutrition for orphaned neonates comes from

  • Homemade formulas
  • Foster mother’s milk
  • Commercial milk replacers
A

foster mom’s milk

commercial milk replaces

homemade formulas

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10
Q

Puppies & kittens get which four key important components from colostrum

A

Immunoglobulins
Bioactive factors
Fluids/water
Specialized nutrition for neonates

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11
Q

Puppies & kittens have low _____ until they are 3 weeks of age

A

gastric acid

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12
Q

T or F:

It is acceptable to feed puppies cat’s milk & kittens dog’s milk because they are nearly identical.

A

False

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13
Q

When does the most rapid growth occur in puppies & kittens?

A

3 to 6 months

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14
Q

What problem commonly occurs when large & giant breed dogs are fed for maximal growth?

A

Orthopedic problems

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15
Q

In addition to Vitamin D3, having too much of what mineral in a large-breed puppy’s diet can cause bone problems?

A

Calcium

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16
Q

Protein levels in puppy & kitten foods should be slightly ______ compared to adult pet maintenance foods.

A

Higher

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17
Q

T or F:

In growing animals, it is important for breeders to add calcium & phosphorus to commercial diets that are already complete & balanced for optimal bone growth.

A

False

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18
Q

Food for growing puppies & kittens needs to be _____ digestible than that for adult dogs.

A

more

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19
Q

In growing animals, retinal function & brain development/learning are improved by having what fatty acid in the diet?

A

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

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20
Q

What is the main of source energy in aerobic metabolism?

A

fats

21
Q

What is the main source of energy in anaerobic metabolism?

A

glycogen

22
Q

Where does much of our knowledge about endurance performance dogs come from?

A

Alaskan Sled Dogs

23
Q

What nutrient should be limited in dogs that need to have a good sense of smell to do their jobs?

A

saturated fatty acids

24
Q

Why do endurance performance dogs need more protein in their diet than their couch potato counterparts?

A

they need to build up their muscles so they are strong for being so active

strong muscles help prevent muscle damage or muscle turn over

25
Q

Lean muscle mass _______ & bone mass ______ as an animal ages.

A

decreases
decreases

26
Q

What can be added to the diet to help prevent cognitive dysfunction syndrome?

A

antioxidants

27
Q

Why should egg whites in foods be limited unless they are cooked?

A

Contains inhibitory substances that change metabolism of nutrients

28
Q

What enzyme do dogs & cats lack that make it difficult for them to digest milk?

A

lactase

29
Q

If an owner must share table scraps, what is the highest amount of the diet that should come from these bits of meat, veggies, & grains?

A

5 - 10%

30
Q

T or F:

Dogs that exhibit coprophagy are often deficient in certain minerals or have significant GI disease.

A

false

31
Q

T or F:

Skeletal muscle/meat alone can supply a complete diet for a dog or cat.

A

false

32
Q

T or F:

Vet techs can talk to clients about supplements.

A

True

33
Q

Compared to large breed puppy food, small breed puppy diets should have ______ energy & nutrient density.

A

increased

34
Q

In which species can young animals be free-fed more readily (can self-regulate more)?

A

cats

35
Q

What is the medical term for an increased in the size & number of fat cells in the body due to obesity at a young age?

A

hyperplastic obesity

36
Q

What percentage of dogs or cats in the US are overweight or obese?

A

20-40%

37
Q

Name at least 2 ways that owners can prevent obesity in healthy adult cats.

A

make sure they are feeding the correct diet for their needs and not allowing free feeding if the cat isn’t regulating it’s meals

playing with them with interactive toys so that they get exercise

38
Q

T or F:

Dogs & cats may have multiple diseases as they age.

A

True

39
Q

What percentage of nephrons are damaged before we notice outward clinic signs of kidney failure?

A

75%

40
Q

How does a pet’s immune system change as they become geriatric?

A

Weakens

41
Q

What can be added to the diet to help prevent cognitive dysfunction syndrome?

A

antioxidants

42
Q

What happens to the skin & coat of animals as they age?

A

Skin less elastic & less melanocytes in hair

43
Q

the natural time dependent stages of life

A

aging process

44
Q

deteriorative changes that may impact a pets healthy and quality of life

A

senescence

45
Q

What substance is in the tears & saliva of dogs that turns the coat red when exposed to sunlight & does not cause any additional clinical signs?

A

porphyrin

46
Q

T or F:

Atherosclerosis caused by the diet is common in cats & dogs.

A

False

47
Q

T or F:

Dogs that have a coat color change to red often have this occur because of the beets in the diet.

A

False

48
Q

T or F:

Dogs & cats can have very small amounts of dairy products.

A

True

49
Q

Generally, geriatric dogs need usually need ______ protein and _______ fats in their diet compared to adult dogs.

A

increased
decreased

Nutrition Final (4 decks)

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