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Nutrition Final > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

In your own words, what is nutrition?

A

the study of the ingredients and nutrients that make up food

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2
Q

Nutrients that an animal needs to eat that it cannot make enough of by itself

A

essential nutrients

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3
Q

Nutrients that the animal can make in their body from the food they take in

A

nonessential nutrients

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4
Q

Other than water, what is the most critical part of the diet?

A

energy

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5
Q

T or F:

In general (without human intervention messing with their diets), most animals can naturally regulate how much energy that need & take in.

A

True

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6
Q

Most diets show the number of kcal based on what type of energy?

A

Metabolizable Energy

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7
Q

What are 2 things that animals use water for on a daily basis (in their bodies)?

A

temperature regulation

flushing toxins from the body through the kidneys

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8
Q

Which companion animal species has a harder time maintaining their own water balance?

A

cats

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9
Q

Give an example of a monosaccharide.

A

glucose

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10
Q

What is the most important type of fat in the diet of companion animals (dogs & cats)? It is also used to store energy.

A

triglycerides

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11
Q

Other than to store energy, what is one function of fats in the diet?

A

forms a protective layer on the skin to keep moisture in and keep invaders out

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12
Q

All proteins contain what specific element?

A

nitrogen

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13
Q

What are 2 functions of proteins in the body?

A

carry substances through out the body

muscle formation - actin and myosin

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14
Q

Describe in your own words the difference between high quality & low quality proteins.

A

high quality proteins - easily digestible, contains all of the essential amino acids

low quality proteins - not easily digestible, does not contain all of the essential amino acids

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15
Q

What type of protein source do we often compare all other to due to this one being high quality?

A

eggs

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16
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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17
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B, C

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18
Q

In this type of vitamin, the vitamin is stored in the liver over time & slowly results in toxicity.

A

fat soluble

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19
Q

We lose a lot of this type of vitamin in our urine.

A

water soluble

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20
Q

This turtle likely needs more of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin A

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21
Q

When an animal has ingested rodenticide, what type of vitamin do we usually administer?

A

vitamin K

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22
Q

Pirates with scurvy need more of what vitamin?

A

vitamin C

23
Q

T or F:

The levels & activities of some minerals often depend on levels of other minerals in the diet or body.

A

true

24
Q

When there is too much phosphorus in a diet, what happens to the level of calcium in the body?

A

phosphorus binds to calcium so lower amounts of calcium are absorbed

25
Q

Other than making up bone, what is one role of calcium in the body?

A

allows for muscles to contract - including the cardiac muscles

26
Q

which hormone acts when there is low blood calcium

A

PTH

27
Q

which hormone acts when there is normal or high blood calcium

A

calcitonin

28
Q

T or F:

Cereal grain husks are high in phosphorus that the body can easily use.

A

False

29
Q

Which mineral is included in the hemoglobin molecule?

A

iron

30
Q

Which mineral is needed to make thyroid hormone?

A

iodine

31
Q

T or F:

Proteins are always being broken down & re-built, & proteins are always needed in the diet.

A

true

32
Q

What type of dietary fiber retains water & doesn’t form a viscous solution with water in the GI tract, resulting in an increased fecal mass & quicker GI transit time?

A

insoluble fiber

33
Q

What fat-soluble vitamin is an important antioxidant?

A

vitamin E

34
Q

When we break down a food into the number of calories it contains, how are they calculated/measured?

A

Heat Energy

35
Q

The energy needed by the body to actually chew, digest, absorb, & assimilate nutrients from the diet is called what?

A

dietary thermogenesis

36
Q

The level of nutrients per 1,000 kcal of ME in a food is known as what?

A

nutrient density

37
Q

If an animal has a decreased energy intake compared to its daily energy requirement, this results in what?

A

reduced growth rate

38
Q

How much body water can an animal lose before it faces death?

A

10%

39
Q

What disaccharide is found in milk. Glucose & galactose come together to form this molecule.

A

lactose

40
Q

What type of potential energy source provides the most concentrated & easily digestible form of energy compared to all other nutrients?

A

fats

41
Q

What compound is produced by the combination of retinal & opsin in the eye & allows the eye to be less sensitive to changes in light?

A

rhodopsin

42
Q

Carotenoids are precursors to Vitamin A made by plant cells. What color are the plants that provide a lot of vitamin A (because they have a lot of carotenoids in them)?

A

yellowish orange

43
Q

Minerals that occur in appreciable amounts in the body are known as what?

A

macrominerals

44
Q

What compound is found in cereal grain husks & contains a lot of phosphorus that unfortunately the body cannot use?

A

phytate

45
Q

A deficiency in which B can result in an inability to make adequate DNA.

A

B9 - folic acid

46
Q

The amount of metabolizable energy (ME) in a food depends on which two things

A

make up of food (components)
animal species metabolizing the food

47
Q

What 2 minerals combine to form hydroxyapatite commonly found in bone?

A

phosphorus
calcium

48
Q

T or F:

The GI microbiome only involves bacteria.

A

false

49
Q

Where does fermentation of fiber (and pre/pro-biotics) occur?

A

colon

50
Q

What is dysbiosis?

A

imbalance or disturbance of normal microbiome

51
Q

“Fertilize” the good bugs & help them grow. Soluble fibers.

A

prebiotics

52
Q

Live “good” microorganisms.

A

probiotics

53
Q

A product with pre & probiotics in it

A

synbiotics

Nutrition Final (4 decks)

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