Unit 2 Flashcards
What are the compartments of the skull?
Cranial cavity, ears, orbits, nasal cavity, and oral cavity.
Functional units of the skull?
Face and scalp, the eye, the ear, the brain, nasal cavity, oral cavity, larynx, and masticatory apparatus.
Neurocranium
Braincase/vault
Splanchnocranium
Face
Basicranium
Cranial base
What is the neck muscle that divides the muscular triangles of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid m.
Suprahyoid muscles…
elevate hyoid/ depress the mandible
Infrahyoid muscles…
depress hyoid
What are the cranial nerves?
(On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Friendly Viking Grew Vines And Hops)
Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducent, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, and hypoglossal.
What are the nervous system associations of the cranial nerves in order?
Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More (M=motor, S=sensory, B=both).
Muscle of facial expression that allows for the forehead to wrinkle.
Occipitofrontalis (consists of the frontalis, epicranial aponeurosis, and the occipitalis).
The layers of the scalp.
Skin, connective tissue, aponeurotic layer, loose connective tissue, and pericranium.
Facial muscle that allows for closure of the eye.
Orbicularis oculi (orbital=forceful and palpebral=gentle)
Facial muscle that purses the lips (Zoolander).
Orbicularis oris
Facial muscle that allows you to smile.
Zygomaticus major
Facial muscle that allows you to frown.
Depressor angularis oris
Facial muscle holds food in mouth and expels air.
Buccinator
Neurovascular supply…
V1 Ophthalmic nerve (somatic sensory; frontal to nose), V2 maxillary nerve (somatic sensory; front of cheeks) V3 mandibular nerve (somatic sensory and motor to muscle of mastication).
What are the bones of the eye orbit?
The frontal, zygomatic, sphenoid, maxilla, ethmoid, lacrimal, and palatine.
What are the extraocular muscles of the eye?
Levatar palpebrae superioris, Rectus muscle (CNVI): lateral, medial, superior, and inferior, and the obliques: Inferior and superior.
What are the types of movement of the eye?
Abduction/adduction, elevation/depression, and internal/external rotation.
What are the layers of the eye?
Fibrous (sclera and cornea), Vascular (choroid, ciliary body, and iris), Retina (optic disc, macula Latea and fovea centralis).
Look at picture of visual field and identify…
Temporal FOV, nasal FOV, left optic nerve, right optic nerve, left optic tract, right optic tract, and the optic chiasm.
What is the pupillary light reflex controlled by? What is the contra lateral reflex?
Optic (CNII) and Oculomotor (CNIII - parasympathetic). When light shines in one eye, the other eye reacts as well.
The basic parts of the brain are…
The hindbrain (cerebellum, medulla, and pons), the middlebrain, and the forebrain (cerebrum, hypothalamus, and thalamus).
What is gray matter?
The area where the body of a brain cell is located (the inside).
What is white matter?
The area where the axon of a brain cell is located (the outside).
What are the lobes of the brain?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.
What does the frontal lobe do?
planning, executive function, personality, speech, movement, and motor cortex.
What does the parietal lobe do?
space and body/movement and organization, somatosensory cortex.
What does the temporal lobe do?
perception of auditory information, memory, language, and speech.
What does the occipital lobe do?
vision and visual processing - somatosensory cortex (like two headbands).
What are the main language areas of the brain? What do they do?
Broca’s area (speech production), and Wernicke’s area (language comprehension).
What are the subcortical areas of the brain? What do they do?
Basal ganglia (initiation of movement), hippocampus (memory formation and storage, and navigation), and amygdala (emotion processing).
What are the routes of blood supply to the brain? Where do they meet up?
Vertebral artery and internal carotid artery; Circle of Willis
What is the corpus collosum unique to?
Eutherian mammals (placental mammals).
What is the encephalization quotient?
The ratio between body mass and brain mass.
What are the structures of the middle ear?
The external acoustic meatus (ear canal), tympanic membrane, and the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes).
What are the structures of the inner ear?
Semicircular canals (balance) and the cochlea (hearing).
The Malleus evolved from the ___.
Articular
The incus evolved from the ___.
Quadrate
