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BBB > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the compartments of the skull?

A

Cranial cavity, ears, orbits, nasal cavity, and oral cavity.

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2
Q

Functional units of the skull?

A

Face and scalp, the eye, the ear, the brain, nasal cavity, oral cavity, larynx, and masticatory apparatus.

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3
Q

Neurocranium

A

Braincase/vault

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4
Q

Splanchnocranium

A

Face

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5
Q

Basicranium

A

Cranial base

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6
Q

What is the neck muscle that divides the muscular triangles of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid m.

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7
Q

Suprahyoid muscles…

A

elevate hyoid/ depress the mandible

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8
Q

Infrahyoid muscles…

A

depress hyoid

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9
Q

What are the cranial nerves?
(On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Friendly Viking Grew Vines And Hops)

A

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducent, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, and hypoglossal.

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10
Q

What are the nervous system associations of the cranial nerves in order?

A

Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More (M=motor, S=sensory, B=both).

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11
Q

Muscle of facial expression that allows for the forehead to wrinkle.

A

Occipitofrontalis (consists of the frontalis, epicranial aponeurosis, and the occipitalis).

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12
Q

The layers of the scalp.

A

Skin, connective tissue, aponeurotic layer, loose connective tissue, and pericranium.

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13
Q

Facial muscle that allows for closure of the eye.

A

Orbicularis oculi (orbital=forceful and palpebral=gentle)

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14
Q

Facial muscle that purses the lips (Zoolander).

A

Orbicularis oris

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15
Q

Facial muscle that allows you to smile.

A

Zygomaticus major

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16
Q

Facial muscle that allows you to frown.

A

Depressor angularis oris

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17
Q

Facial muscle holds food in mouth and expels air.

A

Buccinator

18
Q

Neurovascular supply…

A

V1 Ophthalmic nerve (somatic sensory; frontal to nose), V2 maxillary nerve (somatic sensory; front of cheeks) V3 mandibular nerve (somatic sensory and motor to muscle of mastication).

19
Q

What are the bones of the eye orbit?

A

The frontal, zygomatic, sphenoid, maxilla, ethmoid, lacrimal, and palatine.

20
Q

What are the extraocular muscles of the eye?

A

Levatar palpebrae superioris, Rectus muscle (CNVI): lateral, medial, superior, and inferior, and the obliques: Inferior and superior.

21
Q

What are the types of movement of the eye?

A

Abduction/adduction, elevation/depression, and internal/external rotation.

22
Q

What are the layers of the eye?

A

Fibrous (sclera and cornea), Vascular (choroid, ciliary body, and iris), Retina (optic disc, macula Latea and fovea centralis).

23
Q

Look at picture of visual field and identify…

A

Temporal FOV, nasal FOV, left optic nerve, right optic nerve, left optic tract, right optic tract, and the optic chiasm.

24
Q

What is the pupillary light reflex controlled by? What is the contra lateral reflex?

A

Optic (CNII) and Oculomotor (CNIII - parasympathetic). When light shines in one eye, the other eye reacts as well.

25
Q

The basic parts of the brain are…

A

The hindbrain (cerebellum, medulla, and pons), the middlebrain, and the forebrain (cerebrum, hypothalamus, and thalamus).

26
Q

What is gray matter?

A

The area where the body of a brain cell is located (the inside).

27
Q

What is white matter?

A

The area where the axon of a brain cell is located (the outside).

28
Q

What are the lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.

29
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

planning, executive function, personality, speech, movement, and motor cortex.

30
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

space and body/movement and organization, somatosensory cortex.

31
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

perception of auditory information, memory, language, and speech.

32
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

vision and visual processing - somatosensory cortex (like two headbands).

33
Q

What are the main language areas of the brain? What do they do?

A

Broca’s area (speech production), and Wernicke’s area (language comprehension).

34
Q

What are the subcortical areas of the brain? What do they do?

A

Basal ganglia (initiation of movement), hippocampus (memory formation and storage, and navigation), and amygdala (emotion processing).

35
Q

What are the routes of blood supply to the brain? Where do they meet up?

A

Vertebral artery and internal carotid artery; Circle of Willis

36
Q

What is the corpus collosum unique to?

A

Eutherian mammals (placental mammals).

37
Q

What is the encephalization quotient?

A

The ratio between body mass and brain mass.

38
Q

What are the structures of the middle ear?

A

The external acoustic meatus (ear canal), tympanic membrane, and the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes).

39
Q

What are the structures of the inner ear?

A

Semicircular canals (balance) and the cochlea (hearing).

40
Q

The Malleus evolved from the ___.

A

Articular

41
Q

The incus evolved from the ___.

A

Quadrate

BBB (7 decks)

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