Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems Flashcards
What are the borders of the thorax?
Superior thoracic aperture (open), inferior thoracic aperture (closed), and the rib cage.
What are the main muscles of respiration?
Intercostal muscles (between ribs for forced expiration) and diaphragm.
Which cranial nerves is the diaphragm innervated by?
The phrenic Nerves (CNIII-CNV)
What evolutionary group is the diaphragm found exclusively in?
mammals
What is respiration a result of? (Water pump)
Changes in the dimension of the thorax.
Which muscles can be made to work as respiratory muscles when leaned over?
Pectoralis muscles
What are the three sections of the thoracic cavity?
Right pleural space, left pleural space, and mediastinum.
What are the pleural cavities?
Fluid filled sacs that surround the lungs and keeps them inflated. Left and right pleural sacs around the visceral and parietal portions.
What are the lobes of the lungs?
Right lung - superior, middle, and inferior. Left - superior and inferior (makes space for the heart).
What are the fissures of the lungs?
Oblique (Superior/ Inferior lobes - both L and R lungs), middle (Superior/middle/inferior lobes - R), and cardiac notch (left lung only).
Name the parts of the bronchial tree.
The trachea (primary bronchi), lobar (secondary bronchi), and segmental (tertiary bronchi).
Be able to label the great vessels.
.
Thick fibrous connective tissue around heart.
Fibrous pericardium
Part of the pericardium that has 2 layers.
Serous pericardium - 2 layers = parietal layer and visceral layer (epicardium).
What are the external features of the heart? (Be able to label).
Great vessels, coronary sulcus, auricles, and interventricular sulcus.
