Back and Tail Flashcards
What are the movements of the spinal column?
Flexion/extension, lateral bending, and rotation
What are the types of vertebrae? How many are there of each kind?
(In descending order) cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5 - fused in adults), and coccygeal (3-4).
Two special cervical vertebrae…
Atlas (C1) and Axic (C2)… form the atlantoaxial joint.
What are the two types of joints between vertebrae?
Synovial joints and intervertebral discs
What are the two tissues within intervertebral discs?
Outside: annulus fibrosis and Inside: nucleus pulposis
What are the ligaments of the spine?
Supraspinous ligaments, interspinous ligaments, anterior longitudinal ligament, and posterior longitudinal ligaments.
What are the extrinsic back muscles?
Trapezius, rhomboid major & minor, Levator scapulae, and latissimus dorsi.
What are the intrinsic back muscles?
Erector spinae, splenius muscles, and suboccipital muscles.
What does the trapezius muscle do?
Elevates and rotates scapula.
What does the Rhomboid major/ minor do?
retract and elevate scapula.
What does the Levator scapulae do?
elevate scapula
What does the latissimus dorsi do?
adduct, extend, and medially rotate arm.
What do the Erector spinae muscles do?
Bilateral function = maintain posture, unilateral function = lateral bending/rotation of the head.
What do the Splenius muscles do?
extend and rotate the head/neck. Deep levels extend back, rotate ribs, and stabilize vertebrae.
What do the Suboccipital muscles do?
Yes/no movements of the head
