The Gut Unit 3

Question 1

What are the abdominal wall layers? (Be able to label separately as well.)

Answer 1

Camper’s fascia (superficial), Scarpa’s Fascia (deep), abdominal muscles, and parietal peritoneum

Question 2

What are the 4 Abdominal Wall Muscles? (Be able to label separately as well.)

Answer 2

Rectus Abdominis, External oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis.

Question 3

What are the main functional uses of the abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 3

Posture/movements of torso, protect organs, forced expiration, defecation, micturition (urine), and parturition (childbirth).

Question 4

What is the membrane that sits against the wall of the abdominal cavity called? What does it do?

Answer 4

Parietal peritoneum; suspends the organs in place in the abdominal cavity.

Question 5

What is the membrane that sits around the organs of the gut called?

Answer 5

Visceral peritoneum

Question 6

What do the peritoneum structures attach to within the abdominal wall?

Answer 6

The Mesentery

Question 7

What organs are apart of the proximal gut?

Answer 7

Tongue, esophagus, stomach, and pyloric sphincter (attaches stomach and small intestine).

Question 8

Where does mechanical digestion occur?

Answer 8

The stomach

Question 9

Where does most chemical digestion occur (in humans)?

Answer 9

The small intestine

Question 10

What are the three parts of the small intestine (descending order)?

Answer 10

Duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum.

Question 11

What does the duodenum part of the small intestine do?

Answer 11

first part of the SI that receives stomach contents, pancreatic juice, and bile.

Question 12

What quadrant of the torso does the liver sit in?

Answer 12

Mostly the upper R quadrant.

Question 13

What are the four lobes of the liver? (Be able to label separately).

Answer 13

Right, left, caudate, and quadrate.

Question 14

Name the traits of the jejunum.

Answer 14

the proximal 2/5ths of the SI, thick walls, prominent plicae circularis.

Question 15

Name the traits of the ileum.

Answer 15

distal 3/5ths of the SI, thin walls, few plicae circularis, and lymphatic patches.

Question 16

Where does the gallbladder sit in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 16

inferior surface between right and quadrate lobes of the liver.

Question 17

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 17

To collect excess bile and store it for backup usage if needed.

Question 18

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 18

In digestion, to produce bile to break up lipids; in circulatory system to filter blood of toxins; and in the endocrine system, hormone synthesis.

Question 19

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 19

produces enzymes and insulin

Question 20

Where does the pancreas sit?

Answer 20

Posterior to the stomach.

Question 21

What are the three main parts of the Large Intestine?

Answer 21

Ascending colon (beginning at ilium and cecum), transverse colon, and descending colon (ending at rectum).

Question 22

Fat sacs on the the large intestine?

Answer 22

Omental appendages

Question 23

What anchors the large intestine?

Answer 23

Left and right colic flexures.

Question 24

What is the function of the appendix?

Answer 24

To store extra bacteria for the microbiome of the large intestine.

Question 25

What is the position of the appendix?

Answer 25

Highly variable from individual to individual

Question 26

What is the Hepatic Portal System?

Answer 26

system where blood returns from the gut to the heart through the liver to be filtered.

Question 27

What are some examples of evolutionary differences in the gut?

Answer 27

foregut vs. hindgut fermentation, the appendix, and the expensive tissue hypothesis (gut vs. brain size).