Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BEH 5043 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Science

A

A systematic approach to understanding of natural phenomena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Natural Science - Subject matter

A

Empirically observable (natural) phenomena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Natural Sciences - Empirical Process

A

Direct observation and measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Natural Sciences - Experimental action

A
  • Manipulate IVs
  • Control extraneous factors
  • Measure effect on DV
    -Often repeated measurement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

IV in Behavior Analysis

A

Environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DV in behavior analysis

A

Behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Goals of the Natural Science of Behavior Analysis

A

Description, prediction, control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Philosophical Assumptions

A

Selectionism, determinism, empiricism, parsimony, pragmatism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Philosophical Assumptions of ABA

A

-Attitude and assumptions
-Our expectations of our science
-Our values that guide our science
-The strategies put forth to explain a phenomenon in measurable and objective terms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Selectionism

A

-Variation and selection of traits
-The philosophical assumption that attributes genetic and behavioral variation to selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Determinism

A

-The universe is lawful, as is behavior
-Behavior occurs as a result of environmental events in a systematic way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Empiricism

A

Objective observation with thorough description and quantification of the behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The two elements of empiricism

A

Experimentation and Replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Empiricism involves ______

A

Empiricism involves clear and concise definitions of the phenomena of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Empiricism allows for ___ and ___

A

Allows for the observation of the phenomena and measurement of the phenomena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Experimentation in Behavior Analysis

A

-Systematic manipulation of environmental events
-Observation and measurement of behavior
-Control extraneous, environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Replication in Behavior Analysis

A

-An experiment
-A part of an experiment
-Altering some piece of an experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Characteristics of Dimensional Measures

A

Standard, Absolute, Universal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Standard

A

Widely used by the community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Absolute

A

The measure never changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Universal

A

Can be applied to every instance where that type of measure is important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Measurement allows practitioners to:

A
  • Determine if behavior change is needed
  • Track behavior change
  • Maximize services
  • Evaluate interventions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fundamental Characteristics or quality of behavior allows ___ and exists ____

A

Allows for behavior to be measured and exists independent of its measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fundamental properties of behavior

A

A single response;
- Can reoccur (repeatability)
- Occurs at a point in time (temporal locus)
- Occupies an amount of time (temporal extent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Repeatability

A

A single response that occurs once can reoccur (repeat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Temporal locus

A

A single response occurs at a point (location) in time in relation to other events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Temporal extent

A

A single response occupies time (extends through time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Dimensional Quantity of Behavior

A

A measurement aspect of a fundamental property of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Dimensional quantities measure _____

A

Fundamental properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Dimensional Quantities in Behavior Analysis

A

-Count
-Rate
-Celeration
-Inter-response time
-Latency
- Duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Fundamental Properties and Dimensional Quantities: Repeatability

A

Count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Fundamental Properties and Dimensional Quantities: Repeatability and Temporal Locus

A

Rate, Celeration, IRT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Fundamental Properties and Dimensional Quantities: Temporal Locus

A

Latency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Fundamental Properties and Dimensional Quantities: Temporal Extent

A

Duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Count (Countability)

A

The number of times a response occurs
Measure of the fundamental property of repeatability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Count does not include ____

A

Count does not include any measure of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Issues with Count

A

-Count is missing time (How bad is it?)
-Numbers are not comparable from one observation to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Rate

A

Ratio of responses over time

39
Q

Rate is a measure of the properties of _____

A

Repeatability and temporal locus

40
Q

Rate: ______ in behavior analysis

A

Fundamental datum in behavior analysis (Skinner, 1938)

41
Q

Rate is often expressed as

A

Count per minute

42
Q

What makes count meaningful?

A

Inclusion of time

43
Q

When the term “frequency” is used, explain how to know whether the data presented are measures of count or rate

A

Depends on if it references time or not.

44
Q

Celeration

A

Change in rate of responses over time
(Count/time)/time

45
Q

Celeration is a measure of _

A

The properties of repeatability of temporal locus

46
Q

Celeration is used

A

-Skinner’s work and cumulative records
-Precision teaching

47
Q

Inter-Response Time (IRT)

A

The time between two successive responses

48
Q

IRT is a measure of

A

The properties of repeatability and temporal locus

49
Q

The inverse relationship between rate and IRT

A

-As the rate increases (accelerates), the IRTs decrease (get shorter)
-As the rate decreases (decelerates), the IRTs increase (get longer)

50
Q

Latency

A

The amount of time between an antecedent stimulus and a response

51
Q

Latency is a measure of

A

The property of temporal locus

52
Q

Duration

A

Amount of time from the start of response until the end of the response

53
Q

Duration is a measure of

A

The property of temporal extent

54
Q

Data

A

Information collected as a result of measurement

55
Q

Importance of Data

A

-Enable clinical decision making
-Allow for ongoing assessment and evaluation

56
Q

Data refers to

A

Multiple pieces of information or observations (plural form)

57
Q

Datum refers to

A

A single piece of information or observation (singular form)

58
Q

Components of Behavioral Measurement

A

-Identify responses meeting target definition
-Determine the amount of behavior
-Record the amount using the appropriate unit of measure

59
Q

Two observation types

A

Complete and incomplete

60
Q

Complete observation

A

Observation method that allows for all occurrences of the target behavior to be observed and measured

61
Q

When measuring a phenomenon of interest; will the data collected be:

A

Accurate, representative (complete observation

62
Q

Incomplete observation

A

Schedule of observation that may fail to capture some instances of the target response due to observing only a sample of possible opportunities

63
Q

Direct Measurement

A

Measurement in which the behavior being measured is the actual behavior of interest

64
Q

Indirect Measurement

A

Measurement in which what is being measured is not the actual behavior of interest

65
Q

Examples of indirect measures

A

Questionnaires, interviews, rating scales

66
Q

Two recording methods

A

Continuous and Discontinuous

67
Q

Continuous recording methods

A

Methods designed to capture all instances of the target behavior during an observation period

68
Q

Continuous methods can ___, but ___

A

Continuous methods can capture every event that occurs during the observation periods, BUT are not guaranteed to

69
Q

Methods for Continuous Recording

A
  • Event (incorporates count, rate, and Celeration)
    -IRT recording
    -Latency recording
    -Duration recording
70
Q

Event Recording

A

Recording procedure that involves counting each instance of the behavior of interest and converting that count to a measure

71
Q

Event Recording Steps

A

1 - Record time observation begins
2 - Count the responses
3 - Record the time observation ends
4 - Convert to rate by dividing count/unit of time
5 - Report as count per unit of time (rate)

72
Q

Event Recording Advantages

A

Sensitive measure of repeatability

73
Q

When to use event recording

A

Free operants
Response has a clear beginning and end

74
Q

Event Recording Considerations - Not appropriate for:

A
  • High rates of behavior
  • Non-discrete behavior
  • Behavior that occurs for long periods of time
  • Discrete trials
  • Behavior where accuracy is important
75
Q

IRT Recording

A

Recording procedure that involves measuring the amount of time between two successive instances of the behavior of instance

76
Q

IRT Recording Steps

A

1 - Identify the response cycle
2 - Start timing at the end of the response cycle
3 - Stop timing at the beginning of the next response cycle
4 - Record time
5 - Optional: Calculate average IRT (IRT total/# of IRTs

77
Q

When to use IRT recording

A

-When the time BETWEEN responses is of concern
-When implementing certain decelerative procedures (e.g., DRL)

78
Q

IRT Recording Considerations

A

-IRT and rate are inversely related
-Will not provide information concerning accuracy of the responses

79
Q

Steps for Estimating IRT

A

-Mean IRT may be estimated given the rate, provided that the variability is not too great or that there are no outliers
-Formula: Recording interval/count
-Report as amount of time (minutes, seconds, hours)

80
Q

When to Estimate IRT - Appropriate when:

A

-Responses are distributed across the observation period
-No significant outliers
-You know the rate

81
Q

Estimating IRT is not appropriate when:

A

-Responses are grouped at one point of the observation (e.g., beginning or end)
-Significant outliers exist

82
Q

Latency Recording

A

Recording procedure that involves measuring the amount of time between an antecedent stimulus and the behavior of interest

83
Q

Latency recording steps

A

1 - Start the timer when the relevant antecedent occurs
2 - Stop the timer when the response occurs
3 - Record time

84
Q

When to use latency recording

A

When the time between the opportunity to respond and the actual response is the primary concern

85
Q

Latency Recording Considerations

A
  • Determine when to start and stop the timer
    1 Will not provide information concerning the accuracy of the response
86
Q

Latency Recording Considerations: When to start/stop the timer

A

Start: At the onset or offset of the antecedent stimulus
Stop: At beginning or end of the response cycle (if the latter you may be confounding latency and duration)

87
Q

Duration Recording

A

Recording procedure that involves measuring the amount of time from the beginning to end of the behavior of interest

88
Q

Types of Duration Measures

A

-Total Duration (AKA duration per session)
-Duration per occurrence

89
Q

Duration per occurrence steps

A

1 - Record the time at the start of the observation
2 - Start timer when individual begins engaging in the response
3 - Stop the timer at response end
4 - Record duration and reset timer
5 - Repeat steps 2,3,4 until the end of the observation
6 - Record time at end of the observation

90
Q

Total duration steps

A

1 - Record the time at the start of the observation
2 - Start timer when individual begins engaging in the response
3 - Stop the timer at the response end
4 - Record duration and reset timer
5 - Repeat steps 2,3,4 until the end of the observation
6 - Record time at end of the observation
7 - Add all duration from the session together for a total time
8 - Record total duration

91
Q

When to use duration recording

A
  • Behavior that occurs for long periods of time (tantrums, exercise, tasks)
  • When length of response is primary concern
92
Q

Duration recording considerations

A

Sometimes difficult to define a clear start and stop

93
Q

Factors to consider when selecting a response measure

A

W - Where to collect data?
W - When, how often, how long?
W - Who will collect the data?
H - How the data be used
E - Estimated rate of the behavior
R - Responses or episodes?
D - Dimensional quantity of interest
R - Resources available

94
Q

Multiple measures - Questions/Considerations

A

-Is the rate enough?
-Is the total duration enough?
-Can we benefit from multiple measures on the same graphs?

BEH 5043 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions