Unit 2 Flashcards
Why did Nye develop the idea of Smart power?
He saw that the classification of something as either hard or soft power is very theoretical and does not resonate with reality. Smart power is more accurate for complex situations
What are the three parts of rhetoric by Aristotle?
Charisma, Emotion, Reason
What must a message include to be successful?
At least one of the elements of rhetoric
What is charisma?
Charisma is leadership. The importance is not the content of the message, but the source/the sender
What is the effect of emotion?
It is a message where our feelings are moved
Is reason differentiated from charisma and emotion?
No, they can both be reasonable
What is reason?
How different ideas of discourse have a logical relation
Example of emotion
Waves of immigrants. It creates fear and impacts policymaking on the matter
Example of Charisma
Freddy Mercury, Obama
can we build public images through other means than written words?
Yes, ex buildings, coins and athletes
What are the three types of propaganda?
White, grey and black
What is white propaganda?
We can identify the source and the message is true.
What is grey propaganda?
the source is not easily identified and some information is missing
What is black propaganda?
Either the message or the sender is fake (or both are fake)
Is lying the only tool of propaganda?
No, repetition can also be a tool
Which type of propaganda is most often used in war times?
Black
Example of the use of black propaganda
The British created radio stations during WW2 where they pretended to be Nazis. Aim was to convince Germans to end the war. Impact the moralities through talking about German losses.
What is the filter bubble?
The “filter bubble” is an explanation of how we only see what we want to see, not what we need to see. There is therefore no balance of information in our lives. Algorithms have become an essential mechanism in strengthening these filter bubbles.
Three differences between the “filter bubble” and traditional media
- We are alone as we are the only ones that have this specific filter bubble.
- The filter bubble is invisible
- We have not decided to enter into this filter bubble
What did Aristotle say in the analogy of the cave regarding a subjective or objective truth?
According to Aristotle in his Analogy the cave; there is an objective truth, but most people are blind to this truth due to their own version of reality as seen in the shadows on the wall.
What are the two main theories regarding media in propaganda?
- During the 19th century and positivism, people believed that media only expressed an objective truth.
- Today, we see that media will represent reality in a subjective way to different perceptions. This is however seen as important as we can get a larger picture of an event using different media.
Why is media subjective?
It can be the owners, the ideology or their decision on what should be the most important topics to be addressed.
What is the meaning of the CNN and the Aljazeera effect?
Media sets the agenda within the political framework.
How has media changed its agenda-setting?
Previously, journalists were of the upper class and did not know about all sides of society. Today, there is a larger focus on diverse topics such as immigration and poverty.
