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Imagen exterior y Diplomacia Pública > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Nye develop the idea of Smart power?

A

He saw that the classification of something as either hard or soft power is very theoretical and does not resonate with reality. Smart power is more accurate for complex situations

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2
Q

What are the three parts of rhetoric by Aristotle?

A

Charisma, Emotion, Reason

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3
Q

What must a message include to be successful?

A

At least one of the elements of rhetoric

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4
Q

What is charisma?

A

Charisma is leadership. The importance is not the content of the message, but the source/the sender

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5
Q

What is the effect of emotion?

A

It is a message where our feelings are moved

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6
Q

Is reason differentiated from charisma and emotion?

A

No, they can both be reasonable

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7
Q

What is reason?

A

How different ideas of discourse have a logical relation

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8
Q

Example of emotion

A

Waves of immigrants. It creates fear and impacts policymaking on the matter

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9
Q

Example of Charisma

A

Freddy Mercury, Obama

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10
Q

can we build public images through other means than written words?

A

Yes, ex buildings, coins and athletes

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11
Q

What are the three types of propaganda?

A

White, grey and black

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12
Q

What is white propaganda?

A

We can identify the source and the message is true.

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13
Q

What is grey propaganda?

A

the source is not easily identified and some information is missing

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14
Q

What is black propaganda?

A

Either the message or the sender is fake (or both are fake)

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15
Q

Is lying the only tool of propaganda?

A

No, repetition can also be a tool

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16
Q

Which type of propaganda is most often used in war times?

A

Black

17
Q

Example of the use of black propaganda

A

The British created radio stations during WW2 where they pretended to be Nazis. Aim was to convince Germans to end the war. Impact the moralities through talking about German losses.

18
Q

What is the filter bubble?

A

The “filter bubble” is an explanation of how we only see what we want to see, not what we need to see. There is therefore no balance of information in our lives. Algorithms have become an essential mechanism in strengthening these filter bubbles.

19
Q

Three differences between the “filter bubble” and traditional media

A
  1. We are alone as we are the only ones that have this specific filter bubble.
  2. The filter bubble is invisible
  3. We have not decided to enter into this filter bubble
20
Q

What did Aristotle say in the analogy of the cave regarding a subjective or objective truth?

A

According to Aristotle in his Analogy the cave; there is an objective truth, but most people are blind to this truth due to their own version of reality as seen in the shadows on the wall.

21
Q

What are the two main theories regarding media in propaganda?

A
  1. During the 19th century and positivism, people believed that media only expressed an objective truth.
  2. Today, we see that media will represent reality in a subjective way to different perceptions. This is however seen as important as we can get a larger picture of an event using different media.
22
Q

Why is media subjective?

A

It can be the owners, the ideology or their decision on what should be the most important topics to be addressed.

23
Q

What is the meaning of the CNN and the Aljazeera effect?

A

Media sets the agenda within the political framework.

24
Q

How has media changed its agenda-setting?

A

Previously, journalists were of the upper class and did not know about all sides of society. Today, there is a larger focus on diverse topics such as immigration and poverty.

25
Q

What is the idea of Herman and Chomsky?

A

They believe that there are bigger powers than media; money is the main force of agenda-setting. Money rules the world

26
Q

What is framing?

A

Framing is the main approach to media research and is important when we set a propaganda strategy. It regards the topics that we talk about, and how we understand this information.

27
Q

What does the Hypodermic needle model say about media?

A

we cannot avoid to be victims of propaganda

28
Q

What are the three conditioning theories?

A
  1. Use and gratification theory
  2. Social cognitive theory
  3. Cultivation theory
29
Q

What is the Use and gratification theory?

A

we obtain something in return-information on a topic

30
Q

What is the Social cognitive theory?

A

We receive knowledge and develop interests in meetings with different sources. These can be religions, family etc.

31
Q

What is the Cultivation theory?

A

It talks about the effect of long-term exposure to media shapes. Ex: the more television people watch, the more likely they are to hold a view that is closer to televisions depiction of reality

32
Q

What is the belief system?

A

Our belief system is difficult to change and is often fact-based and universal.

33
Q

What are our values?

A

Our values are also difficult to change but can be done through education and over a long time. Here is where we can find nationalism and human rights. Our values shape our identity.

34
Q

What are Rules?

A

The rules are the behaviors of the state or cultural practices and can be changed within a 10-year trajectory.

35
Q

What are Social Practices?

A

Social practices can easily be changed, such as going from in-class teaching to online classes.

36
Q

What are the different ways of putting PD into practice?

A
  1. Listening to the audience
  2. Advocate for our policy
  3. Create cultural links and credibility through cultural diplomacy
  4. Impact the diaspora through exchange policy
  5. International news broadcasting
37
Q

What is seen as one of the most effective means for sending a message to promote the interest of the state?

A

International news broadcasting

38
Q

From a theoretical point of view, what should be included in order for a PD strategy to be successful?

A
  1. Listening
  2. Advocacy
  3. Cultural Diplomacy
  4. Exchange diplomacy
  5. International News broadcasting

Imagen exterior y Diplomacia Pública (13 decks)

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