Unit 1

Question 1

What defines public diplomacy?

Answer 1

Communication based on national interest

Question 2

Can public diplomacy be addressed to the citizens of ones own country?

Answer 2

No. It is always addressed to citizens of a foreign country

Question 3

Is public diplomacy only a state tool?

Answer 3

No. it can also be used by international organisations such as NATO

Question 4

What is the foundation for PD and communication?

Answer 4

Aristotle and his work “Rhetoric.”

Question 5

What are the five dimensions to public diplomacy developed by Aristotle?

Answer 5

1. Affect people’s thinking
2. Find which results we expect
3. Find a strategy to reach our objectives
4. Finding how to best deliver the message
5. Understanding the core of the matter

Question 6

What are three steps to be taken in order to find a good PD strategy?

Answer 6

1. Evaluate the data we have collected from our target audience.
2. Choose a technique using handbooks.
3. Evaluate the movement of our strategy

Question 7

Two time frames on result expectations

Answer 7

1. Short term

2. Long term

Question 8

Which result time frame is China aiming for?

Answer 8

Long term results

Question 9

Which result time frame is US and EU aiming for?

Answer 9

Short term results

Question 10

Is the worrying that we see today towards “New Technology” a new phenomenon?

Answer 10

No. This uncertainty has arisen historically. The same concerns that we have regarding social media today is what arose at the time the newspapers came.

Question 11

What is a common mistake that states make when choosing a strategy to obtain their objective?

Answer 11

They miscalculate the time it will take to reach their desired result.

Question 12

Examples of techniques to be used to reach an objective

Answer 12

1. Deeds. show that you are not only talk, but that you will take action.
2. Appealing to emotions. Remember that emotions and feelings are rational experiences.
3. silence. This can be dangerous as someone else might occupy your space.

Question 13

What is similar among all the synonyms of propaganda?

Answer 13

They all talk about the Human psychology

Question 14

What are the 5 parts of communication?

Answer 14

1. The sender
2. The receiver
3. The message
4. The channel
5. The intention

Question 15

Are there any limits to the channels we use to send a message?

Answer 15

NO. We can use any tool such as a flag, sports, food, actors etc…

Question 16

If an actor gives a speech at a festival, the actor is (?) and the festival is (?)

Answer 16

The actor is THE SENDER and the festival is THE CHANNEL

Question 17

In addition to the five parts of communication, what is also extremely important?

Answer 17

Consider the context

Question 18

Who was the first to coin the term propaganda?

Answer 18

The Catholic church during the rise of protestantism?

Question 19

What was the meaning of propaganda when the Catholic church coined the term?

Answer 19

To communicate ideas

Question 20

Was the catholic church the first actor in the world to use propaganda?

Answer 20

No. It has been used throughout history by people such as Pharaoh Hatshepsut and Ramses II as well as Julius Caesar. The Catholic church was the first to use the name propaganda.

Question 21

Why is there a need for synonyms for propaganda?

Answer 21

It has a negative connotation in protestant countries after the use of it by the catholic church, but also due to its importance and use during the cold war.

Question 22

Which important tools of propaganda were also used by the Greeks?

Answer 22

Metaphors and analogies

Question 23

Some authors, such as Melissen, differ between PD and propaganda. What are their main arguments?

Answer 23

They say that only in PD does the sender listen to the receiver. Melissen does therefore argue that PD has developed within democratic structures.

Question 24

Why can one argue that PD and propaganda as synonyms?

Answer 24

In both cases, the sender has to listen to the receiver, even in authoritarian regimes the leader must listen to its people in order to maintain legitimacy.

Question 25

Why is context decisive in Propaganda?

Answer 25

Most of our knowledge is built on ideas that have already been created. Propaganda can use this to their advantage as people will not be in control of their perceptions of events.

Question 26

What is the definition of propaganda?

Answer 26

Persuasion to lead peoples behavior

Question 27

What is the goal of propaganda?

Answer 27

Make people take certain actions which they would otherwise not undertake. It is not only words, but will also have real consequences

Question 28

How did Philip Taylor change his idea of propaganda in his last book?

Answer 28

He said that we are not always deliberately using propaganda. Sometimes, such as through the channel of education, we might be distributing it without knowing

Question 29

What is the definition of persuasion?

Answer 29

the effort of impacting peoples mindsets, and therefore also their behavior

Question 30

What is the difference between persuasion and propaganda?

Answer 30

The place where the practice takes place. Persuasion is a part of everyday human practices, we cannot avoid it. Propaganda can be seen as the institutionalization of persuasion.

Question 31

Are public relations, public opinion, and rhetoric synonyms?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

What are public relations?

Answer 32

Mainly related with the private sector and talk about advantages obtained from rewarding relations

Question 33

What is public opinion?

Answer 33

A collective mindset, the expression of our perception of the world

Question 34

What is rhetoric?

Answer 34

The art of effective/persuasive speaking or writing