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Biology 30 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is entropy

A

The measure of disorder, or unusable energy in a food system

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2
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms that make their own food

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3
Q

2 types of autotrophs

A

Chemoautotrophs & Photoautotrophs

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4
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

Use inorganic substances as food

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5
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

Use light as food

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6
Q

Metabolism

A

All of the chemical reactions in a cell

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7
Q

Metabolic pathway

A

A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction

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8
Q

Anabolic pathway

A

A type of metabolic pathway in which smaller molecules are built into larger molecules

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9
Q

Catabolic pathway

A

A type of metabolic pathway in which larger molecules are broken down into simpler molecules

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10
Q

What kind of pathway is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is an anabolic pathway, it builds carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

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11
Q

What kind of pathway is respiration?

A

Respiration is a catabolic pathway. It breaks down sugar and oxygen into water, many ATP and carbon dioxide.

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12
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate; an energy storage molecule

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13
Q

What is ATP’s function

A

ATP’s function is to store chemical energy and release it when needed

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14
Q

How does ATP release chemical energy

A

It breaks a chemical bond between its second and third phosphate and becomes Adenosine diphosphate

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15
Q

What is energy

A

The ability to do work

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16
Q

Cell activity is ___

A

constant

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17
Q

What is thermodynamics

A

The study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe

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18
Q

Define Pigments

A

Light-absorbing coloured molecules that absorb certain wavelengths of light.

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19
Q

What is ADP

A

Adenosine diphosphate; an energy storage molecule with less energy and 1 less phosphate than ATP

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20
Q

What is a chloroplast

A

A plastid that contains a high amount of chlorophyll; an organelle that plays a conducts photosynthesis

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21
Q

What is a chlorophyll

A

A pigment that gives plants their green colour & plays a critical role in photosynthesis

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22
Q

Chloroplast structure

A

A double membrane filled with stroma and containing Grana

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23
Q

Define thylakoids

A

Thylakoids are flattened, sac-like membranes that contain chlorophyll

24
Q

Define Grana

A

Grana are stacks of thylakoids

25
Q

Where do light reactions take place

A

In the Grana

26
Q

Where does the Calvin cycle take place

A

In the Stroma

27
Q

What are photosystems

A

Structures in the thylakoid harvest light and convert it to chemical energy. Chlorophylls are part of this

28
Q

Light can be ___

A

transmitted, reflected or absorbed

29
Q

An object that reflects all wavelengths and colours of light appears __

A

White

30
Q

An object that absorbs all wavelengths and colours, of light appears __

A

Black

31
Q

The chemical formula for glucose is

A

C6 H12 06

32
Q

A reaction that gives off energy is called

A

Exergonic

33
Q

A reaction that uses energy once started is called

A

Endergonic

34
Q

Is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic

A

Endergonic, it absorbs light energy

35
Q

Is respiration endergonic or exergonic

A

Exergonic, it creates ATP

36
Q

What kind of bonds do ATP have

A

The phosphates in ATP have high energy bonds

37
Q

What pigments are in carrots

A

Carotenoids

38
Q

Who was the Calvin cycle named after?

A

Dr. Melvin Calvin

39
Q

Who was the Kreb cycle named after

A

Hans Adolf Krebs

40
Q

3 products of Glycolysis

A

NADH, 2 pyruvic acids and 4 ATP

41
Q

Products of the Kreb cycle

A

NADH, CO2, and oxaloacetic acid

42
Q

Products of intermediate reactions

A

NADH, CO2, and acetyl CoA

43
Q

Products of Electron Transport Chain

A

Water and 34 ATP

44
Q

Which part of cellular respiration is anaerobic respiration limited to

A

Glycolysis

45
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Cellular respiration without oxygen

46
Q

Types of Anaerobic respiration

A

Fermentation and alternative

47
Q

How much ATP does anaerobic respiration create

A

4

48
Q

What is the main product of fermentation

A

ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide

49
Q

What is the main product of alternative anaerobic respiration

A

lactic acid

50
Q

What are the products of cellular respiration

A

Carbon dioxide and Water

51
Q

What are the reactants of cellular respiration

A

Glucose and oxygen

52
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis

A

Glucose and oxygen

53
Q

What are the reactants of photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide and Water

54
Q

What is the carrier in photosynthesis

A

NADP

55
Q

What is the carrier in respiration

A

NAD

56
Q

What is the 6 carbon molecule at the beginning of the Kreb cycle called?

A

Citric acid

Biology 30 (6 decks)

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