Unit 2

Question 1

What is entropy

Answer 1

The measure of disorder, or unusable energy in a food system

Question 2

Autotrophs

Answer 2

Organisms that make their own food

Question 3

2 types of autotrophs

Answer 3

Chemoautotrophs & Photoautotrophs

Question 4

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 4

Use inorganic substances as food

Question 5

Photoautotrophs

Answer 5

Use light as food

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

All of the chemical reactions in a cell

Question 7

Metabolic pathway

Answer 7

A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction

Question 8

Anabolic pathway

Answer 8

A type of metabolic pathway in which smaller molecules are built into larger molecules

Question 9

Catabolic pathway

Answer 9

A type of metabolic pathway in which larger molecules are broken down into simpler molecules

Question 10

What kind of pathway is photosynthesis?

Answer 10

Photosynthesis is an anabolic pathway, it builds carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Question 11

What kind of pathway is respiration?

Answer 11

Respiration is a catabolic pathway. It breaks down sugar and oxygen into water, many ATP and carbon dioxide.

Question 12

What is ATP

Answer 12

Adenosine triphosphate; an energy storage molecule

Question 13

What is ATP’s function

Answer 13

ATP’s function is to store chemical energy and release it when needed

Question 14

How does ATP release chemical energy

Answer 14

It breaks a chemical bond between its second and third phosphate and becomes Adenosine diphosphate

Question 15

What is energy

Answer 15

The ability to do work

Question 16

Cell activity is ___

Answer 16

constant

Question 17

What is thermodynamics

Answer 17

The study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe

Question 18

Define Pigments

Answer 18

Light-absorbing coloured molecules that absorb certain wavelengths of light.

Question 19

What is ADP

Answer 19

Adenosine diphosphate; an energy storage molecule with less energy and 1 less phosphate than ATP

Question 20

What is a chloroplast

Answer 20

A plastid that contains a high amount of chlorophyll; an organelle that plays a conducts photosynthesis

Question 21

What is a chlorophyll

Answer 21

A pigment that gives plants their green colour & plays a critical role in photosynthesis

Question 22

Chloroplast structure

Answer 22

A double membrane filled with stroma and containing Grana

Question 23

Define thylakoids

Answer 23

Thylakoids are flattened, sac-like membranes that contain chlorophyll

Question 24

Define Grana

Answer 24

Grana are stacks of thylakoids

Question 25

Where do light reactions take place

Answer 25

In the Grana

Question 26

Where does the Calvin cycle take place

Answer 26

In the Stroma

Question 27

What are photosystems

Answer 27

Structures in the thylakoid harvest light and convert it to chemical energy. Chlorophylls are part of this

Question 28

Light can be ___

Answer 28

transmitted, reflected or absorbed

Question 29

An object that reflects all wavelengths and colours of light appears __

Answer 29

White

Question 30

An object that absorbs all wavelengths and colours, of light appears __

Answer 30

Black

Question 31

The chemical formula for glucose is

Answer 31

C6 H12 06

Question 32

A reaction that gives off energy is called

Answer 32

Exergonic

Question 33

A reaction that uses energy once started is called

Answer 33

Endergonic

Question 34

Is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic

Answer 34

Endergonic, it absorbs light energy

Question 35

Is respiration endergonic or exergonic

Answer 35

Exergonic, it creates ATP

Question 36

What kind of bonds do ATP have

Answer 36

The phosphates in ATP have high energy bonds

Question 37

What pigments are in carrots

Answer 37

Carotenoids

Question 38

Who was the Calvin cycle named after?

Answer 38

Dr. Melvin Calvin

Question 39

Who was the Kreb cycle named after

Answer 39

Hans Adolf Krebs

Question 40

3 products of Glycolysis

Answer 40

NADH, 2 pyruvic acids and 4 ATP

Question 41

Products of the Kreb cycle

Answer 41

NADH, CO2, and oxaloacetic acid

Question 42

Products of intermediate reactions

Answer 42

NADH, CO2, and acetyl CoA

Question 43

Products of Electron Transport Chain

Answer 43

Water and 34 ATP

Question 44

Which part of cellular respiration is anaerobic respiration limited to

Answer 44

Glycolysis

Question 45

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 45

Cellular respiration without oxygen

Question 46

Types of Anaerobic respiration

Answer 46

Fermentation and alternative

Question 47

How much ATP does anaerobic respiration create

Answer 47

4

Question 48

What is the main product of fermentation

Answer 48

ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide

Question 49

What is the main product of alternative anaerobic respiration

Answer 49

lactic acid

Question 50

What are the products of cellular respiration

Answer 50

Carbon dioxide and Water

Question 51

What are the reactants of cellular respiration

Answer 51

Glucose and oxygen

Question 52

What are the products of photosynthesis

Answer 52

Glucose and oxygen

Question 53

What are the reactants of photosynthesis

Answer 53

Carbon dioxide and Water

Question 54

What is the carrier in photosynthesis

Answer 54

NADP

Question 55

What is the carrier in respiration

Answer 55

NAD

Question 56

What is the 6 carbon molecule at the beginning of the Kreb cycle called?

Answer 56

Citric acid