Unit 2 Flashcards

(154 cards)

1
Q

What was the main goal of the Spanish American war?

A

A war to Liberate Cuba from bad ruling, set concentration camps with Cuban Guerrillas free.

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2
Q

Where did Spain put Cuban rebels (Guerrillas) after their revolts?

A

Concentration camps

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3
Q

Cuba wanted to gain independence from what countries rule?

A

Spanish rule

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4
Q

What battleship was sent to protect Americans who lived in Cuba?

A

U.S.S. Maine

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5
Q

What did America claim had happened to the USS Maine ship?

A

Destroyed by an underwater Spanish mine

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6
Q

What did Cuba claim happened to the USS Maine ship?

A

An explosion from within the ship caused it to sink

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7
Q

What did some think in regards to Cuban rebels and the USS Maine ship

A

They caused it to sink so US would blame Spain and do something about it.

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8
Q

“Remember the Maine”

A

Pictures and illustrations used to show and exaggerate the wrecked ship

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9
Q

Why did newspapers in the US push for war?

A

Headlines means money

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10
Q

Who was William Randolph Hearst

A

American newspaper author who pushed for the Spanish American war

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11
Q

Who was Joseph Pulitzer?

A

American newspaper author who pushed for Spanish American war

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12
Q

Another name for the “Splendid little war”

A

Spanish American war

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13
Q

Another name for the “muscle flexing war”

A

Spanish American war

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14
Q

Who led our attack on Spain in the Philippines

A

Admiral George Dewey

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15
Q

What islands revolted against the US and took 4 years for the revolution to be put down

A

The Philippines

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16
Q

What were Teddy Roosevelt and his 23,000 volunteers who fought on foot in Cuba called

A

Rough Riders

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17
Q

Settlement between the US and Spain that granted Cuba their independence, and gave the US Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

A

Treaty of Paris

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18
Q

A warning to all European nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere, became the basis for future American Foreign Policy, the US would not permit Europe to meddle in American affairs

A

Monroe Doctrine

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19
Q

US felt it should not get involved with Europe’s affairs, only a trade relationship was desired

A

Isolationism

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20
Q

Belief it was Americans destiny to expand our land

A

Manifest destiny

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21
Q

Many Americans felt it was our _____________ to expand influence in the Americans and “civilize” the inferior groups like we had done with the Native Americans

A

Anglo-Saxon Mission

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22
Q

The domination by one country of the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another country

A

Imperialism

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23
Q
  • more raw materials
  • additional markets
  • increased national pride
  • humanitarian goals attached to many expansion policies
A

Justifications for imperialism

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24
Q

Secretary of State, purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million

A

William Seward

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25
Joke made about purchase of Alaska
Stewards Folly
26
Purchase that resulted in endless resources like lumber, gold, copper, oil, and natural gas
Purchase of Alaska
27
Opened American market to other foreign sugars, second highest import tariff in history, caused Hawaiian economic crisis
McKinley Tariff of 1890
28
Leader of Hawaii in 1890, didn’t like Americans, “Hawaii for Hawaiians”, declared herself an absolute monarch.
Queen Liliuokalani
29
Someone who holds all the power
Absolute monarch
30
President of revolutionary gov in Hawaii, proclaimed Hawaii a republic, requested annexation
Sanford B Dole
31
Movement as toward a goal, advance, development or growth
Progress
32
Trusts and monopolies, corruption in politics, poverty, unsafe/unsanitary working conditions, child labor
Unsolved problems
33
Banker who bought Andrew Carnegies huge steel company, giant monopoly, worlds first billion dollar corporation
J.P. Morgan and US steel
34
Survival of the fittest, strongest would rise to the top, progressives were against this and wanted gov to look out for everyone.
Social Darwinism
35
Theory developed to go against social Darwinism, believed everyone should help everyone, spread the wealth
Social gospel
36
Journalists who exposed corruption, and abuse of power
Muckrakers
37
Muckraker who exposed the practice of lynching in the early 1900s
Ida B Wells
38
Most important muckraking magazine
Mcclures Magazine
39
President with a reputation as a “trust buster”, wanted federal gov to regulate big business closely
President Theodore Roosevelt
40
Trusts that cooperated with Roosevelt, could exist but must operate under rules laid down by gov.
Good trusts
41
Trusts that are broken apart if not cooperative with the gov.
Bad trusts
42
Said the interstate commerce commission could inspect records of railroads to see how much money they’re making, adjust maximum rates they could charge.
Hepburn Act of 1906
43
Agency given power by the Hepburn act
Interstate commerce commission
44
Muckraker novel told accounts of the filthy, diseased meat being sold to the public
The jungle
45
Author of the jungle
Uptown Sinclair
46
Act suggested by Roosevelt, brought federal control over the quality of most food and drugs
Pure food and drug act of 1906
47
Republican president, opposite of Roosevelt, unsuccessful as a president, over 300 lbs, tried to continue progressive movement, didn’t get along with congress
William Howard Taft
48
Another name for the progressive party formed by Roosevelt
Bull Moose Party
49
Election that consisted of William Howard Taft as republican candidate, Theodore Roosevelt as progressive candidate, and Woodrow Wilson as democratic
Election of 1912
50
Platform that supported stronger more active federal gov, corporations being brought under federal control, insurance for workers injured on the job, minimum wage for women, end to child labor, support for an amendment giving women the right to vote.
Roosevelt’s new nationalism platform
51
Democratic candidate of election of 1912, won and became president
Woodrow Wilson
52
Underwood tariff, federal reserve act, federal trade commission
Wilson’s new freedom programs
53
Wilson wanted to lower the high protective tariff because he felt it was helping create monopolies by eliminating foreign competition. It also provided for a federal income tax authorized by the 16th amendment
Underwood tariff, 1913
54
Created 12 federal reserve banks to stabilize and help banks during tough times. It is supervised by the federal reserve board in Washington DC, and not controlled by the gov.
Federal reserve act, 1913
55
The FTC investigates large corporations, and if they are acting unfairly toward their competitors then the FTC can order them to stop
federal trade commission, 1914
56
To cover in gold
To gild- Mark Twain
57
The tariff issue, candidates “sitting on the fence”, spoils system, assassination of James Garfield, etc all contributed to the
Problems of the gilded age
58
Why did the north favor a high protective tariff?
Make people buy American products, US industries make extra profits
59
Why did the South favor low tariff?
Had to pay higher prices, need for protection was less important in the gilded age, us was the strongest industrial nation
60
System that awarded voters with jobs from the politicians if they were supported
Spoils system
61
Created civil service commission that would create and administer tests for applicants seeking gov jobs, would be based off merits
Pendleton act (1883)
62
President killed shortly after taking office, killed by Charles J Guiteau
James Garfield
63
Killer of James Garfield
Charles J Guiteau
64
Platform that wanted gov ownership of railroads, telegraphs, telephone networks, wanted a federal income tax, wanted gov loans for farmers, called for an 8 hour work day, called for restrictions on immigration, wanted free and unlimited coinage of silver.
Populist party platform
65
Uses gold as the standard value for its currency.
Gold standard
66
Election with William McKinley as the republican candidate, and William Jennings Bryan as democratic candidate. McKinley won.
Election of 1896
67
William mckinleys speech that supported the gold standard
Cross of gold speech
68
The characters and actions that are dignified literally in their turn represent historical personages or events (wizard of oz)
Historical or political allegory
69
A tactic to gain more votes, makes people sympathetic.
Waving the bloody shirt
70
Helped immigrants find jobs, provided needs like food, money, clothes
Advantages of political machines
71
Led to corrupt political offices, bribing and buying votes, some corrupt politicians remained in power
Disadvantages of political machines
72
Sought to help the less fortunate in society, used position to achieve political office, corruption was common, primarily solicited immigrants, primarily democrats
Political bosses
73
Man in charge of the NYC political machine
William Marcy Tweed
74
Democratic political machine in New York City
Tammany hall
75
Worker does the same task over and over again
Specialization
76
Shared labor
Division of labor
77
Higher wages, shorter hours, better working conditions
Bread and butter issues
78
Union officials, representing workers, negotiate with management
Collective bargaining
79
Workers who belonged to unions were “undesirable” employees, difficult to get a job
Blacklisting
80
Who was assassinated at the beginning of ww1, where, and by who?
Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand (Austria Hungary), in Bosnia, by a Serbian terrorist group, the black hand.
81
M cause of the war
Military build up. Everyone wanted to be the most powerful, countries were building their militaries, creating tension
82
A cause of the war
Alliance systems. Complicated network of treaties and alliances pulled almost everyone into the war
83
I cause of the war
Imperialism. Conflicts and rivalries, everyone trying to make their own empires and be the best and strongest.
84
N cause of the war
Nationalism. Feeling of pride and loyalty that people have for their country
85
Second A main cause of the war
Assassination of Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand
86
Powerful alliance of Germany, Austria/Hungary, Italy
Triple Alliance
87
Powerful alliance of Britain, France, and Russia
Triple Entente
88
Central powers or allied powers. Germany, Austria Hungary, Bulgaria and turkey (Ottoman Empire)
Central powers
89
Central powers or allied? Britain, Russia, France, Serbia, Belgium
Allied powers
90
What are the 4 poor preparations for the war
Poor transportation (horse drawn vehicles, foot soldiers), Primitive fighting strategies (bright uniforms, wave attacks,) Language barrier (hard to communicate and plan attacks or strategies) Not enough equipment (enough for 6 months, shortage of guns and weapons)
91
Neither side of the war could win a decisive victory over the other
Stalemate
92
A war where each side tries to wear the down and outlast the other side with attacks and counter attacks
War of attrition
93
Type of submarine used by Germans to launch surprise attacks on ships
German U boats
94
British luxury liner sunk by torpedoes without warning, sunk in 18 minutes killing 128 American passengers.
Lusitania
95
French passenger ship that was torpedoed killing several passengers
Sussex
96
German promise to stop sinking passenger and merchant ships without warning.
Sussex pledge
97
German telegram sent to Mexican gov., intercepted by US and exposed in newspapers
Zimmerman note
98
Wilson’s campaign slogan that helped him win the election of 1916
“He kept us out of war”
99
Opposing candidate of Wilson in the election of 1916
Charles evans Hughes
100
Wilson’s famous speech to end the war through negations
Peace without victory (failed)
101
Thousands of young men volunteered to fight, navy was sent to Europe, drafts.
Wartime America
102
Formed to draft soldiers in ww1
Selective service act
103
Created to oversee production and distribution of manufactured goods, organized American industry like one big factory, gov decided what was made and set prices.
War industries board
104
The distribution of goods to consumers in a fixed amount
Rationing
105
Made it a crime to aid enemy nations, interfere with recruitment of soldiers, made it legal for the post master general to censor mail
Espionage act of 1917
106
Fines if you spoke or wrote anything critical of the gov or military.
Sedition act
107
5 new weapons of the Great War
Tanks. Poison gas, airplanes, machine guns, flame throwers
108
November 11th, at 11:00 am, 1918, the Germans gave up the war.
Armistice day
109
Wilson’s plan for the end of the war. (Right to self determination, arms limitations, international freedom of the seas and trade, end to all secret alliances, a general assembly of nations)
Wilson’s 14 points
110
5 separate treaties signed at the Paris peace conference
Peace of Paris treaties
111
Who were the big 4 at the Paris peace conference
US- Woodrow wilson France- George’s Clemenceau Britain- Lloyd George Italy- Vittorio Orlando
112
Said all nations were required to protect one another against attack, all disputes between members were to be submitted to arbitration, took possession of the former German colonies and some territories that were controlled by Turkey.
League of Nations
113
Used to punish Germany after ww1. It almost completely took away their military, reduced their borders, forced them to pay war reparations for damages.
Treaty of Versailles
114
German leader who helped the rise of fascism, and later ww2
Adolf hitler
115
A form of far right, dictatorial, authoritarian, thinking. Risen to power through adolf hitler
Fascism
116
Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Estonia, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Ukraine
New nations formed after ww1
117
Russian empire, Austro-Hungarian empire, German empire, Ottoman Empire
Empires that lost territory
118
Nickname for American troops who helped allied forces fight on the western front in world war 1
Doughboys
119
Election in which Warren g Harding won using the phrase return to normalcy, and bloviating his speeches.
Election of 1920
120
Hardins corrupt friends appointed to important governmental positions
Ohio gang
121
Vice President who became the new president after Harding died suddenly.
Calvin Coolidge
122
During the 1920s and 1930s, the American public and the gov couldn’t decide how involved we should be with foreign nations
Isolationism vs. internationalism
123
A small group of communists had taken over Russia by revolution In 1917, now there were close to 70,000 communists in the US
The Red Scare
124
Type of gov that is all controlling.
Communism
125
Attorney general who suspected a massive plot to overthrow the gov
Mitchell Palmer
126
Searches without warrants, suspected communists were held for weeks without formal charges.
Palmer raids
127
The gov growing involvement in the lives of its citizens brought the creation of the ____ to protect the basic freedoms described in the bill of rights
American civil liberties union (ACLU)
128
With prices up, workers demanded higher wages and when that did not happen, they went on strike
Union
129
Song sang before every performance by Billie holiday, about lynching
Strange fruit
130
The fear of foreigners
Xenophobia
131
Both were designed to limit the number of immigrants who could enter the US
Emergency quota act and national origins act
132
Case involving two Italian immigrants who were executed by electric chair, with no real evidence against them.
Sacco-Vanzetti case
133
Act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors.
18th amendment
134
Law that enforced the 18th amendment
Volstead Act
135
What were the exceptions to the 18th amendment
You were allowed to drink anything you had already in your possession, medicinal liquor was allowed, religious exceptions
136
Who pushed for prohibition
Anti-saloon league, women’s Christian temperance union, progressive reformers, ku klux klan, women.
137
Less arrests for public drunkenness, lower number of alcohol related deaths, fewer workers spent their paychecks on booze.
Advantages of prohibition
138
Difficult to enforce, rude of organized crime.
Disadvantages of prohibition
139
Wore loose fitting clothing, shorter skirts above the knee, shorter bobbed hair, make up, drank alcohol, smoked, danced
Flappers
140
Jazz music, flappers, Hollywood motion pictures, sports, and the radio became very popular at this time
The roaring twenties
141
Helped make jobs, road building, oil industry, manufacturers of steel, rubber, glass, paint, gas stations. Also created traffic, accidents, air pollution.
The automobile industry
142
Made first non stop solo flight from NY to Paris.
Charles Lindbergh
143
Viewpoint that god created the earth, heaven, and all its creatures in 6 days
Divine creation
144
Specified that it shall be unlawful for any teacher to teach any theory that denies the story of divine creation of man as taught in the Bible
Butler act
145
Agreed to be Tennessee’s first test case regarding the teaching of evolution and divine creation.
John scopes
146
Famous trial lawyer hired by aclu, agnostic, defense of the state of Tennessee v. John scopes case.
Clarence Darrow
147
Believes a higher power exists, but entertains other theories as well
Agnostic
148
The debate on the teaching of evolution or divine creation is often referred to as
scopes monkey trials
149
Requires a separation of church and state
Establishment clause
150
Less men needed to do work, machines could do more work in less time with less manual labor
Mechanization
151
Election with republican candidate Herbert Hoover, and democrat Alfred Smith. Hoover won.
Election of 1928
152
Why did Alfred Smith loose the election of 1928
He was the son of an immigrant, against prohibition, catholic, democratic
153
October 29th 1929, the great stock market crashed, prices fell, panic, over 16 million shares sold
Black Tuesday
154
Causes of the Great Depression
Destruction and debt from ww1, small number of people had most power, production was greater than people could afford, economists say it was no more than a regular part of the business cycle.