unit 1b: equilibrium Flashcards
dynamic equilibrium
where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the reverse reaction
a closed system
no substances can be added/removed but energy can be transferred
concentration at equilibrium
they remain constant but not normally equal
K
equilibrium constant
equilibrium constant
characterises the equilibrium composition of the reaction mixture i.e. the relative quantities of R and P
units of K
none
[A]
the concentration of A
pure solids and liquids at equilibrium
should be removed from the equilibrium expression
the value of K indicates
the position of equilibrium e.g. the greater the value of K, the greater the concentration of products and the further the equilibrium lies to the right
le chatelier’s principle
if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium moves to counteract the change
increasing concentration of reactants
equilibrium will shift to the right, position of equilibrium changes but the value of K remains the same
increasing pressure in a system involving gasses
equilibrium will shift to the side with fewer gas molecules, position of equilibrium changes but the value of K remains the same
adding a catalyst
increases the rate of both reactions- so equilibrium can be reached faster, it has no effect on the equilibrium position and K remains the same
increasing temperature
favours the endothermic reaction, for endothermic reactions, increase in temperature increases K and increases product yield
K is independent of
pressure, concentration, and catalysts
