unit 1a: atomic orbitals and quantum numbers

Question 1

quanta

Answer 1

the fixed amount of energy possessed by electrons within atoms

Question 2

electrons behave as

Answer 2

standing (stationary) waves in an atom

Question 3

standing waves

Answer 3

vibrate in time but do not move in space

Question 4

different sizes and shapes of standing wave

Answer 4

these are possible around the nucleus of an atom and are known as orbitals

Question 5

orbitals

Answer 5

an area of space where there is a high probability of finding an electron

Question 6

maximum capacity of an orbital

Answer 6

2 electrons

Question 7

quantum numbers

Answer 7

define the energy of an electron and give information about its location within an atom

Question 8

principle quantum number

Answer 8

n

Question 9

n

Answer 9

describes the energy levels an electron is found in and is related to orbital size

Question 10

possible values of n

Answer 10

n= 1,2,3 (1st shell, 2nd shell, 3rd shell)

Question 11

angular momentum quantum number

Answer 11

l

Question 12

l

Answer 12

describes the shape of the subshell / orbital

Question 13

possible values of l

Answer 13

l=0 —> n-1

Question 14

different shapes of orbitals are identified as

Answer 14

s(l=0) , p(l=1) , d(l=2) , f(l=3)

Question 15

s orbital shape

Answer 15

spherical l=0

Question 16

p orbital shape

Answer 16

dumbbell l=1

Question 17

d orbital shape

Answer 17

double dumbbell l=2

Question 18

magnetic quantum number

Answer 18

ml

Question 19

ml

Answer 19

describes the orientation in space time of the orbital

Question 20

possible values of ml

Answer 20

-l —> +l

Question 21

orbitals increase in energy from

Answer 21

s > p > d > f

Question 22

degenerate

Answer 22

equal in energy

Question 23

orbitals within a subshell (i.e. the same shape) are

Answer 23

degenerate

Question 24

spin magnetic quantum number

Answer 24

ms

Question 25

ms

Answer 25

describes the direction of electron spin

Question 26

spins in orbitals

Answer 26

two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins

Question 27

possible values of ms

Answer 27

+1/2 , -1/2