Unit 16 Flashcards
Ca
calcium
The body needs calcium to maintain strong bones and
to carry out many important functions. Almost all
calcium is stored in bones and teeth, where it supports
their structure and hardness.
Fe
Iron
A deficiency of iron limits oxygen delivery to cells,
resulting in fatigue, poor work performance, and
decreased immunity. On the other hand, excess
amounts of iron can result in toxicity and even death.
K
potassium
Potassium is a mineral that the body needs to work
normally. It helps nerves and muscles communicate. It
also helps move nutrients into cells and waste
products out of cells. A diet rich in potassium helps to
offset some of sodium’s harmful effects on blood
pressure.
Fruit from vines, such as grapes and
blackberries
Leafy greens, such as spinach and collards
Root vegetables, such as carrots and potatoes
Citrus fruits, such as oranges and grapefruit
Na
sodium
The body uses sodium to control blood pressure and
blood volume. Sodium is also needed for your muscles
and nerves to work properly.
2 hr pp
2 hour post-prandial
(meal) blood glucose
test
A blood test which measures the body’s ability to
metabolize carbohydrates and produce insulin. To
screen for diabetes or confirm results from the fasting
plasma glucose test. The test is also used to evaluate
the effectiveness of medication or dietary therapy in
those already diagnosed with diabetes.
BMP
basic metabolic panel
To give your health care provider important information about the current status of your kidneys as well as electrolyte and acid/base balance and level of blood glucose though a blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm
BS
blood sugar
If you have diabetes, self-testing your blood sugar can
be an important tool in managing your treatment plan
and preventing long-term complications of diabetes.
Blood sugar tests are performed with a portable
electronic device that measures sugar levels in a small
drop of blood.
FBS
fasting blood sugar
The fasting blood sugar value corresponds to the
amount of sugar in the blood after eight long hours of
starvation. The fasting blood sugar depicts the baseline
glucose value of person.
GTT
glucose tolerance test
The glucose tolerance test can be used to screen for
type 2 diabetes.
T3
thyroid test
(triiodothyronine)
A T3 test may be ordered when someone has an
abnormal TSH and/or T4 test result. It may be ordered
as part of the investigative workup when a person has
symptoms suggesting hyperthyroidism.
T4
thyroid test (thyroxine)
The total T4 test has been used for many years to help
diagnose hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. A T4
test is primarily ordered in response to an abnormal
TSH test result.
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSH is used to check for thyroid gland problems. TSH
causes the thyroid gland to make two hormones:
triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) which help
control your body’s metabolism and are needed for
normal growth of the brain, especially during the first
3 years of life.
DM
diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas
no longer produces enough insulin or cells stop
responding to the insulin that is produced, so that
glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed into the cells
of the body.
Type I, type 1 diabetes
formerly known as juvenile diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes
Type II, Type II
formerly known as adult onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes
aden/o
glands
- adenectomy
- adenitis
- adenoma
lymph (glands)
- lymph/o = lymph
- serve an important part of the immune system
exocrine glands
secretes out of the body (sweat, salivary glands)
•ex/o = out of
•-crine = secrete
endocrine glands
secrete hormones within the bloodstream
•end/o = within or inside
pituitary gland
pituitar/o = pituitary gland
- “master” gland
- produces hormones that stimulate the function of other endocrine glands
- pea-sized, located near the base of the brain
adrenal glands
adren/o, adrenal/o = adrenal glands
- influences metabolism & responds to stress
- paired glands, located above each kidney
thyroid gland
thyr/o or thyroid/o = thyroid gland
- stimulates metabolism
- largest gland, located in the neck below the larynx
parathyroid glands
parathyroid/o = parathyroid glands
- helps maintain the level of calcium in the blood and bones
- located next to and/or inside thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
NOTE: Although the parathyroid glands are located next to (and sometimes inside) the thyroid gland, they have no related function.
cortic/o
cortic/o = cortex
- outer layer of a body organ
medull/o
medull/o = medulla
- middle or inner layer of a body organ
acr/o
extremities
calc/i
calcium
dips/o
thirst
kal/i
potassium
natr/o
sodium
ex/o
out of
-crine
to secrete
end/o
within or inside
