Unit 1.5 Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Genetic engineering

Answer 1

The transfer of genetic information in the form of DNA from one cell to another.

A gene (a section of DNA coding for a protein) is transferred from one organism to another, allowing the modified organism to produce a new protein that it couldn’t make before.

Question 2

Plasmid

Answer 2

Small DNA ring in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells.

Can be extracted and modified during genetic engineering.

Question 3

DNA cutting enzymes

Answer 3

Used to cut the required gene from the host DNA and also used to cut the plasmid open so that the gene can be inserted into it.

Question 4

Modified plasmid

Answer 4

A plasmid with a new gene added into it.

Question 5

GM organism

Answer 5

Genetically modified organism.

Contains a new gene to allow it to produce a new protein eg. bacteria containing the human insulin gene, golden rice.

Question 6

Why are GM crops controversial?

Answer 6

Many people are concerned that genes may escape into other organisms, that it is unethical and that there may be side effects.