Unit 1.3 DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA

A

Responsible for inheritance and for controlling cells by organising protein synthesis.

Chromosomes and plasmids are made of DNA. It is found in the nucleus.

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2
Q

DNA structure

A

A double stranded molecule twisted into a helix (spiral).

It carries genetic information in its sequence of bases.

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3
Q

DNA bases

A

Make up the central part of the DNA molecule.

They are arranged in complementary (matching) pairs : A-T and C-G

They carry genetic information as a genetic code.

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4
Q

Genetic code

A

The sequence of bases in the part of a DNA molecule which is known as a gene.

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5
Q

Gene

A

A section of DNA which codes for a protein by determining its amino acid sequence.

eg. the insulin gene contains the instructions for building insulin.

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6
Q

Protein

A

A large molecule made of individual amino acids, which are joined together with chemical bonds to form a chain, which is then folded.

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7
Q

Amino acids

A

The building blocks of proteins.

There are 20 different types of amino acid, which combine to produce a huge variety of proteins.

The amino acid sequence determines how a protein folds, so must be correct every time.

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8
Q

Codon

A

A block of 3 bases on mRNA which codes for a specific amino acid.

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9
Q

mRNA

A

A messenger molecule, made by copying the base sequence of a gene.

It carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it joins onto a ribosome.

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10
Q

Ribosome

A

A structure found in the cytoplasm, which translates the code carried by the mRNA into an amino acid sequence in a protein.

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