Unit 14 Flashcards
deal with
handle
رسیدگی کردن
tackle
/ˈtækəl/
to try to deal with a difficult problem
compromise
/ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/
an agreement that is achieved after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first, or the act of making this agreement
/ To stop the argument they decided on a compromise./
مصالحه کردن
remedy
/ˈremədi/
a way of dealing with a problem or making a bad situation better SYN solution
setback
/ˈsetbæk/
a problem that delays or prevents progress, or makes things worse than they were
عقب نشستن
deteriorate
/dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt/
to become worse
His condition deteriorated rapidly during the night.
exacerbate
/ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt /
to make a bad situation worse
/ I don’t want to exacerbate the situation./
aggravate
/ˈæɡrəveɪt/
to make a bad situation,
/ Cutting down the old forests may aggravate global warming. /
flourish
/ˈflʌrɪʃ /
to develop well and be successful SYN thrive
/ Most plants will flourish in the rich deep soils here. /
acclimatise
/əˈklaɪmətaɪz/
to become used to a new place, situation, or type of weather, or to make someone become used to it
/ Runners had to acclimatize to the humid tropical conditions./
amend
/əˈmend/
to correct or make small changes to something that is written or spoken
/ The law was amended to include women. /
اصلاح کردن ، ترمیم
linger
/ˈlɪŋɡə/
to continue to exist, be noticeable, etc for longer than is usual or desirable
/ Summer weather has lingered longer than usual. /
درنگ کردن ، مردد بودن
long-term
continuing for a long period of time, or relating to what will happen in the distant future OPP short-term
one-sided
one-sided
short-sighted
not considering the possible effects in the future of something that seems good now – used to show disapproval OPP far-sighted
کوته بین
understaffed
/ˌʌndəˈstɑːft/
not having enough workers or fewer workers than usual
double-edged sword
having two different parts
adequate
/ˈædɪkwət/
enough in quantity or of a good enough quality for a particular purpose SYN sufficient OPP inadequate
/ Most people eat an adequate diet. /
booming
a quick increase of business activity
پر رونق
erode
/ɪˈrəʊd/
if the weather erodes rock or soil, or if rock or soil erodes, its surface is gradually destroyed
/ The rocks have gradually eroded away./
فرسودن
catastrophic
/ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk/
causing a lot of destruction, suffering, or death
مصیبت بار
decent
/ˈdiːsənt/
of a good enough standard or quality
/ a decent salary /
staggering
/ˈstæɡərɪŋ/
extremely great or surprising SYN amazing
/ a staggering rise in crime /
dash
/dæʃ/
to go or run somewhere very quickly
necessity
/nəˈsesəti/
something that you need to have in order to live OPP luxury
afford
/əˈfɔːd /
to provide something or allow something to happen
/ The room affords a beautiful view over the city./
از عهده برامدن
slum
/slʌm/
a house or an area of a city that is in very bad condition, where very poor people live
inhabitant
/ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/
one of the people who live in a particular place
در حالت جمع معنی سکنه می دهد
developing nations
areas of the world that are poorer and have less advanced industries
urbanization
the process by which more people leave the countryside to live in the city
شهرنشینی
overpopulation
the problem of having too many people
infrastructure
the basic systems and services of a city
زیر بنا
exclusion
/ɪkˈskluːʒən/
when someone is not allowed to take part in something or enter a place OPP inclusion
tolerance
/ˈtɒlərəns/
willingness to allow people to do, say, or believe what they want without criticizing or punishing them
بردباری
mount
/maʊnt/
to plan, organize, and begin an event or a course of action
پایه
unsustainable
/ˌʌnsəˈsteɪnəbəl/
unable to continue at the same rate or in the same way
/ unsustainable economic growth /
innovation
/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/
a new idea, method, or invention
household
/ˈhaʊshəʊld /
all the people who live together in one house
efficient
/ɪˈfɪʃənt/
if someone or something is efficient, they work well without wasting time, money, or energy OPP inefficient
/ We need more efficient methods of transporting goods./
کارامد
scarce
/skeəs /
if something is scarce, there is not very much of it available
/ Food was often scarce in the winter. /
کمیاب
cast-off
دور انداختن، کنارگذاشتن
ubiquitous
/juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/
seeming to be everywhere
/ Coffee shops are ubiquitous these days./
موجود در همه جا
apparel
/əˈpærəl/
clothes
rag
/ræɡ/
a small piece of old cloth, for example, one used for cleaning things
pawnbroker
/ˈpɔːnˌbrəʊkə/
someone whose business is to lend people money in exchange for valuable objects. If the money is not paid back, the pawnbroker can sell the object.
دلال
nascent
/ˈnæsənt/
coming into existence or starting to develop
/ the country’s nascent democracy/
پیدایش یافته ، در حال تولد
upon
/əˈpɒn /
used to mean ‘on’ or ‘onto’
بر روی ، فوق
reliant
/rɪˈlaɪənt/
dependent on someone or something
industrialisation
/ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
when a country or place develops a lot of industry
disposal
/dɪˈspəʊzəl /
when you get rid of something
disposal of
/ the safe disposal of radioactive waste/
دفع کردن
sewerage
/ˈsjuːərɪdʒ/
the system by which waste material and used water are carried away in sewers and then treated to stop them being harmful فاضلاب
emerged
/ɪˈmɜːdʒ
to appear or come out from somewhere
پدیدار شدن
sift
/sɪft/
to put flour, sugar etc through a sieve or similar container in order to remove large pieces
الک کردن
filth
/fɪlθ/
dirt, especially a lot of it
merchant
/ˈmɜːtʃənt /
someone who buys and sells goods in large quantities
بازرگان
cinder
/ˈsɪndə/
a very small piece of burnt wood, coal etc
خاکستر
fertilise
to make new animal or plant life develop
hereditary
/həˈredətəri
a quality or illness that is hereditary is passed from a parent to a child before the child is born → genetic
ارثی
incinerator
/ɪnˈsɪnəreɪtə/
a machine designed to burn things in order to destroy them
/ We want proof that the incinerator will be safe. /
