Unit 1.4 Flashcards
1
Q
What does the sequence of amino acids control
A
- Controls the shape and function
2
Q
What are the 5 different types of protein
A
- Structural
- Hormones
- Antibodies
- Receptors
- Enzymes
3
Q
What is a biological catalyst
A
- Speeds up chemical reactions in cells and remain unchanged in the process
4
Q
What is a substrate
A
- The reactant(s) in a reaction and is specific to an enzyme
5
Q
What is a product
A
- The molecule(s) made by an enzyme - controlled experiment
6
Q
What is an active site
A
- Where the substrate fits into the enzyme and is a complementary shape to it
7
Q
What is optimum condition
A
- The temperature and pH which the enzymes are most active
8
Q
What is denatured
A
- At high tempretures an enzyme becomes denatured. This is when the active site changes its shape, so the substrate no longer fits and this affects the rate of reaction
9
Q
Describe why enzymes are specific
A
- Each enzyme has a specifically shaped area called an active site into which only one substrate can fit. The enzyme and the substrate are complementary to one another. When the substrate joins with the enzyme at the active site they form an enzyme - substrate complex.
10
Q
What affects enzymes
A
- Temperature
- pH
11
Q
Define optimum conditions
A
- The temperature and pH that enzymes are most active at
12
Q
Define denatured
A
- At very high temperatures enzymes become denatured. This is when the active site changes shape, the substrate no longer fits and this affects the rate of reaction
13
Q
Example of a degradation reaction
A
Starch —— amylase ——> maltose
14
Q
Example of a synthesis reaction
A
G - 1 - P —– phosphorylase ——> starch
15
Q
Define synthesis and degradation reactions
A
Synthesis = involves the build - up of molecules
Degradation = involves the breakdown of molecules
