Unit 12 - Nervous System Key Terms 1

Question 1

Divisions of the nervous system

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 2

Central Nervous System contains…

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System contains…

Answer 3

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 4

Four majjor structures of the brain

Answer 4

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem

Question 5

spinal cord

Answer 5

extends from the brain stem to the lumbar vertebra in the spinal column, protected and nourished by the meninges, relay station for sending and receiving electrical signals between the brain and body

Question 6

meninges

Answer 6

Three layers of protective membrane covering the brain and spinal cord
Dura mater (outermost layer)
Arachnoid (middle layer)
Pia mater (innermost layer)

Question 7

cranial nerves

Answer 7

12 pairs that come from the brainstem

Question 8

spinal nerves

Answer 8

31 pairs that emerge from the spinal cord

Question 9

sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 9

neurons—to the CNS

Question 10

Motor (different) neurons

Answer 10

neurons—away from the CNS

Question 11

Divisions of PNS

Answer 11

somatic nerous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 12

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Answer 12

Regulates skeletal (striated) muscles (voluntary actions) such as walking and talking

Question 13

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 13

Regulates visceral (smooth) muscles (involuntary actions) such as heart rate and peristalsis, and glandular and secretory activity

Question 14

Divisions of ANS

Answer 14

sympathethic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 15

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 15

(fight or flight) increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure to deal with a crisis

Question 16

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 16

(rest and digest) slows heart rate, increases glandular secretions, relaxes sphincters

Question 17

neuron

Answer 17

individual nerve cell, Interconnecting to form complicated networks called nerves that transmit electrical impulses throughout the body

Question 18

neuroglia

Answer 18

Glial cells that provide a supportive framework for neurons, Responsible for protecting against infection by performing phagocytosis (engulfing and digesting unwanted substances), Unable to transmit electrical impulses

Question 19

Four types of neurogial cells

Answer 19

astrocyte, microglia, oligodendrocyte, ependyma

Question 20

NTD

Answer 20

Neural Tube Defect

Question 21

Neural Tube Defect

Answer 21

Congenital deformity of the neural tube (embryonic structure that becomes the fetal brain and spinal cord)

Question 22

Anencephaly

Answer 22

Brain fails to form during fetal development, baby is usually stillborn or dies shortly after birth

Question 23

Spina Bifida

Answer 23

Abnormal opening in the vertebral column
Spinal cord and nerves may protrude
Defect covered only by the meninges

Question 24

Types of Spina Bifida

Answer 24

occulta, meningocele, meningomyelocele

Question 25

Spina Bifida - occulta

Answer 25

small gap or malformation in one or more of the spinal vertebrae, asymptomatic and no treatment required

Question 26

Spina Bifida - meningocele

Answer 26

protrusion of meninges through an opening in the spine

Question 27

Spina Bifida - myelomeningocele

Answer 27

protrusion of spinal cord and meninges through an opening in the spine

Question 28

Preventative treatment for Spina Bifida

Answer 28

addition of folic acid to the diet of women of childbearing age

Question 29

Spinal Cord Injury

Answer 29

Spinal injury or disease resulting in a lack of or decrease in function or feeling
Degree of dysfunction related to site of injury on the spinal cord (higher site associated with greater dysfunction

Question 30

Halo brace

Answer 30

used to immobilize the head and neck vertebrae