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MT 6314 > UNIT 12: DRUG OF ABUSE AND SUBSTANCE OF ABUSE > Flashcards

UNIT 12: DRUG OF ABUSE AND SUBSTANCE OF ABUSE Flashcards

1
Q

drugs and substances that are actually
used not of their medical purpose

A

Drugs of Abuse

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2
Q

“compulsive seeking” of the use
of a drug

A

Addiction

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3
Q

the term used when the purpose for which drugs are used are not approved by the FDA

A

“off the label”

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4
Q

the body needs
the drug for it to function

A

Physical (Dependence)

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5
Q

there would be an increasing concentration for an
individual to achieve the desired effect

A

Tolerance (Dependence)

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6
Q

negative consequences caused by abrupt termination of the effects of drugs

A

Withdrawal Syndrome (Dependence)

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7
Q

drugs that do not alter perception

A

Non-psychoactive drugs

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8
Q

Reduction of concentration
Shorter duration of action

A

Pharmacokinetic Tolerance

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8
Q

Recruitment of Adaptor Protein (β-arrestin)
Desensitization
Receptor internalization

A

Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

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9
Q

drugs that alter perception
no reward/euphoria

A

Nonaddictive drug of abuse

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10
Q

targets of nonaddictive drug of abuse

A

Cortical and Thalamic System

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11
Q

would be binding to certain G-protein coupled receptors; includes Opioids, Cannabinoids and γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

A

Class 1

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12
Q

would usually bind to ion channels; includes Benzodiazepines, Ethanol, and Nicotine

A

Class 2

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13
Q

would bind to transporters of Biogenic
Amines; includes Cocaine, Amphetamine, and
Ecstasy

A

Class 3

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14
Q

Morphine
Papaverine
Codeine
Thebiane

A

Opiates (naturally occurring alkaloids)

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15
Q

Strong analgesics (painkillers) and narcotics

A

Opioids

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16
Q

Opioid receptor subtypes

A

μ (mu), δ (delta), and κ (kappa)

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17
Q

Scientific name of poppy plant

A

Papaver somniferum

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18
Q

Principal active ingredient of Opium

A

Morphine

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19
Q

MOA of Opium

A

SC and IV

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20
Q

Type of Opioid used for cancer pain and post-surgical pain

A

Opium

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21
Q

Released by Opium

A

Histamine

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22
Q

Other names for Heroin

A

Smack, H, ska, junk

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23
Q

Diamorphine drug

A

Heroin

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24
Q

an addictive drug as a white or brown powder
tends to be used with other drugs

A

Heroin

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25
Q

MOA of Heroin

A

IV

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26
Q

t1/2 of Heroin

A

3-5 hrs

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27
Q

withdrawal effects of heroin can be observed ____ hrs after

A

5-10

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28
Q

street drug of abuse; non-medical

A

Heroin

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29
Q

Oxycodone is synthesized from ________

A

Thebaine

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30
Q

Oxycodone is derived from _______

A

Codeine

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31
Q

MOA of Oxycodone

A

Oral (tablet/component of cough syrup)

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32
Q

pethidine; demerol

A

Meperidine

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33
Q

Strong analgesic for post-surgery

A

Meperidine

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34
Q

Meperidine can have serious interaction with ________

A

MAOs

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35
Q

attempts to illicitly produce meperidine has resulted in _______ which can cause _________

A

MPTP: methyl-phenyl-tetrahydropyridine; parkinsonism

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36
Q

Respiratory depression can be reversed by ________

A

Naloxone

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37
Q

Adverse effect if chronic opioid use wherein non-painful stimulus may be perceived as pain

A

Hyperalgesia

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38
Q

Increased central nervous system (CNS) depression, particularly respiratory depression

A

Sedative-hypnotics

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39
Q

Increased sedation
Variable effects on respiratory depression
Accentuation of cardiovascular effects
(Antimuscarinic alpha-blocking actions)

A

Antipsychotic agents

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40
Q

Relative contraindication to all opioid analgesics because of the high incidence of hyperpyrexic coma; hypertension has also been reported.

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

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41
Q

Anxiolytics
Can be short to long- acting sedatives

A

Sedative-Hypnotics

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42
Q

Examples of Sedative-Hypnotics

A

Alcohol
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

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43
Q

SH used for treatment of epilepsy and seizure states in children

A

Phenobarbital

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44
Q

Rare occurrence of physiologic dependence
“Therapeutic dose dependence”

A

Benzodiazepines

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45
Q

Used for date rape
Schedule IV
anterograde amnesia

A

Flunitrazepam

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46
Q

Target of Barbiturates

A

GABAa receptors

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47
Q

Barbiturates that are not used anymore due to their unpredictable effect

A

Secobarbital, pentobarbital Na

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48
Q

Target of Alcohol

A

GABAa and NMDA

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49
Q

Target of Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid

A

GABAb

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50
Q

Naturally found in the body
Can be found in fermented drinks like guava

A

Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid

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51
Q

other names for Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid

A

Liquid ecstasy, soap, easy lay, vita-G
Georgia homeboy

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52
Q

When used with _______, GHB can produce breathing problems

A

Alcohol

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53
Q

Treatment for short acting and long acting drugs

A

Chlordiazepoxide or phenobarbital

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54
Q

Treatment for alcohol

A

disulfiram and naltrexone

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55
Q

Scientific name for Marijuana

A

Cannabis sativa

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56
Q

Components of Cannabinoids

A

Cannabinol, Cannabidiol, and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

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57
Q

Addictive component of Cannabinoid

A

tetrahydrocannabinol or THC

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58
Q

Target of Cannabinoids

A

Cannabinoid receptors (CB1)

59
Q

FDA Approved Cannabinoids

A

Dronabitol, Nabilone, and Nabiximol

60
Q

This is used for certain muscle diseases and even ADHD

A

Cannabinoids

61
Q

Substances that cause hallucination (auditory, visual and tactile)

A

Hallucinogens

62
Q

Types of Hallucinogens

A

LSD, PCP, Ketamine, and Scopolamine

63
Q

Part of the brain where pain stimulus is interpreted

A

Somatosensory Cortex

64
Q

Meaning of MOR

A

mu Opioid Receptor

65
Q

SHs are conjugated to a more _____-soluble state to be excreted via urine

A

water

66
Q

Binding site of Benzodiazepines and Flumazenil

A

Alpha receptors of GABA

67
Q

Antidote to Benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil

68
Q

SH with a distinct binding site
Cannot be reversed by Flumazenil

A

Barbiturates

69
Q

Synthetic agent related to ergot alkaloids

A

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

70
Q

Neurotransmitters affected by LSD

A

NE, Dopamine, and Serotonin

71
Q

LSDs are agonists of ____ and ____

A

5-HT1a and 5HT1c (serotonin receptors)

72
Q

One of the most potent drugs (1µg/kg) with no known fatalities

A

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

73
Q

Effects of LSD

A

Waxing and Waning

74
Q

Scientific name for Mescaline

A

Lophophora williamsii

75
Q

Dose of Mescaline

A

5-6 mg/kg

76
Q

Restricted but allowed occasionally to North American Indians as herbal medicine

A

Mescaline

77
Q

Scientific name of Psilocybin

A

Psilocybe mushroom

78
Q

Dose of psilocybin

A

250 µg/kg

79
Q

Effects of Psilocybin

A

Mydriasis, muscle relaxation, dizziness

80
Q

Anesthetic used before for race horses

A

Ketamine

81
Q

Other names for Ketamine

A

Special K
Vitamin K

82
Q

Hallucinogen that causes fatal respiratory problems

A

Ketamine

83
Q

Other names for Phencyclidine

A

Angel dust
PCP

84
Q

PCP is a __________ derivative

A

Phenylcyclohexylamine

85
Q

Veterinary anesthetic

A

PCP

86
Q

MOA of PCP

A

Smoked with tobacco, snorted, Oral, IV

87
Q

Lesions caused by PCP

A

Olney’s lesions (in nasal mucosa)

88
Q

Users tend to be violent and suicidal; “Bad-trips”

A

PCP

89
Q

Scopolamine is derived from the plant ___________

A

Hyoscyamus niger

90
Q

PCP antagonizes _____

A

NMDA

91
Q

Blocked by Scopolamine

A

Central Muscarinic Receptors

92
Q

Other name for Scopolamine

A

Devil’s breath

93
Q

produces anterograde anemia similar to benzodiazepine rohypnol

A

Scopolamine

94
Q

Cocaine is derived from the plant ________

A

Erythroxylon coca

95
Q

Cocaine affects the transport of ________

A

Amines

96
Q

Also known as “crack” because of the crackling sound when it is melted

A

Cocaine

97
Q

Dopaminergic reuptake transmitter

A

Cocaine

98
Q

Inhibit reuptake of dopamine and NE

A

Cocaine

99
Q

Half life of Cocaine

A

1 hr

100
Q

Symptoms include a feeling of bugs under skin

A

Cocaine

101
Q

Symptoms of Cocaine withdrawal

A

Paranoia and schizophrenia like state
Exhaustion by lack of sleep and food
Appetite, exhaustion, depression

102
Q

Chemical name for Amphetamines

A

alpha-methyl-phenethylamine

103
Q

Amphetamines increase __________ neurotransmitters

A

catecholaminergic

104
Q

Amphetamine inhibits _______ metabolism

A

dopamine

105
Q

Previously used as an anti-obesity drug

A

Amphetamines

106
Q

Treat narcolepsy and ADHD

A

Amphetamines

107
Q

Amphetamines can cause

A

Paranoid psychosis
Necrotizing arteritis

108
Q

Designer drug managed by benzodiazepines

A

Amphetamines

109
Q

Chemical name for Ecstasy

A

Methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

110
Q

Fosters false intimacy and empathy

A

Ecstasy

111
Q

“Raves” designer drug

A

Ecstasy

112
Q

Serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT)

A

Ecstasy

113
Q

Drugs That Activate G Protein-Coupled Receptors

A

Oh Crap Good Luck
- Opioids
- Cannabinoids
- GHB
- LSD, mescaline, psilocybin

114
Q

Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels

A

Poor Nico Buys Alcohol
- PCP, ketamine
- Nicotine
- Benzadiazepines
- Alcohol

115
Q

Drugs that Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines

A

ACE
- Amphetamine
- Cocaine
- Ecstasy

116
Q

Uppers
Reverse the effects of fatigue on both mental and physical
tasks

A

Stimulants

117
Q

Scientific name of tobacco plant

A

Nicotiana tobacum

118
Q

Nicotine antagonizes ______ ______ receptor

A

Nicotinic cholinergic

119
Q

the endogenous ligand of the cholinergic receptor

A

Acetylcholine

120
Q

Stronger psychological and physiological dependence than heroin and cocaine

A

Nicotine

121
Q

Chemical name for Caffeine

A

1,3,7-trimethylxanthine

122
Q

Xanthine alkaloid

A

Caffeine

123
Q

Caffeine is derived from the plant ________

A

Coffea arabica

124
Q

Caffeine antagonizes _______ receptors

A

adenosine

125
Q

Low chance of abuse and addiction

A

Caffeine

126
Q

Inhalants involve the use of

A

Anesthetic gasses
Industrial solvents
Aerosol propellants
Organic nitrites

127
Q

Affect white matter of the brain

A

Inhalants

128
Q

Cause difficulty in concentrating
Hypnosis or dreaminess
Euphoria
Numbness
Tingling sensation

A

Anesthetics

129
Q

Examples of Anesthetics in the laboratory

A

Ether and Chloroform

130
Q

Nitric Oxide (N2O) is used in ___%

A

35

131
Q

Examples of Industrial Solvents

A

Got To Be True
- Gasoline
- Toluene
- Benzene
- Trichloro-ethylene

132
Q

Exposure with industrial solvents within ____ minutes can cause euphoria, drunk feeling, and disorientation

A

5-15

133
Q

Examples of Organic Nitrites

A

Amyl nitrite and Isobutyl nitrite

134
Q

Can cause speeding and flushing of skin

A

Organic Nitrites

135
Q

used to enhance and prolong erection (same mechanism with Viagra)

A

Organic Nitrites

136
Q

Basic structure of anabolic steroids

A

Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring

137
Q

Bodybuilders use it for muscle growth and athletes use it
for performance boost

A

Anabolic steroids

138
Q

Acne and oily skin are effects of steroids due to activated ____________ glands

A

sebaceous

139
Q

Effects of Anabolic steroids

A

Change in libido
Irritability
Violence
Mood swings
Forgetfulness
Confusion

140
Q

Schedule __: Anabolic Steroids

A

Schedule III

141
Q

Schedule __: Flunitrazepam

A

Schedule IV

142
Q

Schedule __: Cannabinoids

A

Schedule I

143
Q

Schedule __: Amphetamines

A

Schedule II

144
Q

“physical dependence”

A

dependence

145
Q

“psychological dependence”

A

addiction

146
Q

Non-addictive drugs that cause a feeling of separation of mind and body (dissociative anesthetics)

A

PCP and Ketamine

MT 6314 (5 decks)

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