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MT 6314 > CHAPT 57: HEAVY METALS > Flashcards

CHAPT 57: HEAVY METALS Flashcards

Pure Baby Katzung Content

1
Q

The
toxicity profiles of metals differ, but most of their effects appear
to result from interaction with _______ groups of enzymesand regulatory proteins.

A

sulfhydryl

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2
Q

organic compounds with 2 or more electronegative groups that form stable bonds with cationic metal atoms.

A

Chelators

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3
Q

Chelators function as chemical _________ (agonist or antagonist)

A

antagonists

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4
Q

used as antidotes in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning

A

Chelators

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5
Q

Heavy metal that serves no useful purpose in the body and can damage the hematopoietic tissues, liver, nervous system, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive system

A

Lead

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6
Q

a major environmental hazard because it is present in the air and water throughout the world

A

Lead

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7
Q

The primary signs of this syndrome are acute abdominal colic and central nervous system (CNS) changes, including, particularly in children, acute encephalopathy.

A

Acute lead poisoning

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8
Q

also known as plumbism

A

Chronic lead poisoning

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9
Q

Signs include peripheral neuropathy (wrist-drop is characteristic), anorexia, anemia, tremor, weight loss, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

A

Chronic lead poisoning

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10
Q

Chronic lead poisoning is treated via chelation therapy with ____ ________

A

oral succimer

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11
Q

presents as growth retardation, neurocognitive deficits, and developmental delay in children

A

Chronic lead poisoning

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12
Q

High dietary
________ impedes lead absorption.

A

calcium

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13
Q

poisoning due to tetraethyl lead or tetramethyl lead contained in “antiknock” gasoline additives

A

Organic lead poisoning

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14
Q

widely used in industrial processes and is also present in certain soils and released during the burning of coal

A

Arsenic

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15
Q

results in severe gastrointestinal discomfort, vomiting, “rice-water” stools, and capillary damage with dehydration and shock

A

Acute arsenic poisoning

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16
Q

In acute arsenic poisoning, a ______,_______ odor may be detected in the breath and the stools.

A

sweet; garlicky

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17
Q

Acute arsenic poisoning is treated via chelation therapy with ________

A

dimercaprol

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18
Q

causes skin changes, hair loss, bone marrow depression and anemia, and chronic nausea and gastrointestinal disturbances

A

Chronic arsenic poisoning

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19
Q

an occupational hazard
formed during the refinement and processing of certain metals and
is used in the semiconductor industry

A

Arsine gas

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20
Q

causes a unique form of toxicity characterized by massive hemolysis

A

Arsine

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21
Q

used as seed dressings and fungicides

A

Organic mercury

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22
Q

used in materials in dental laboratories and in the manufacture of wood preservatives, insecticides, and batteries

A

Inorganic mercury

23
Q

usually occurs through inhalation of inorganic elemental mercury

A

Acute mercury poisoning

24
Q

Chronic mercury intoxication has
been treated with _______ and _______, but their efficacy has not
been established.

A

succimer; unithiol

25
Q

_________ may redistribute mercury to the CNS and should not be used in chronic exposure to elemental mercury.

A

Dimercaprol

26
Q

first recognized in connection with
an epidemic of neurologic and psychiatric disease in the village of Minamata, Japan

A

Organic mercury poisoning

27
Q

occurs frequently in small children

A

Acute iron poisoning

28
Q

the chelating agent
of choice for Iron poisioning

A

Deferoxamine

29
Q

Chronic excessive intake of iron can lead to

A

hemosiderosis or hemochromatosis

30
Q

is a bidentate chelator; that is, a chelator that forms 2 bonds with the metal ion, preventing the metal’s binding to tissue proteins and permitting its rapid excretion

A

Dimercaprol (BAL)

31
Q

acute arsenic and mercury poisoning and, in combination with EDTA, for lead poisoning.

A

Dimercaprol

32
Q

Dimercaprol is a/an _____ liquid that must be given parenterally.

A

oily

33
Q

Long-term use of Dimercaprol is associated with __________ and
increased prothrombin time.

A

thrombocytopenia

34
Q

is a water-soluble
bidentate congener of dimercaprol

A

Succimer (DMSA)

35
Q

used for the oral treatment of lead toxicity in children and adults.

A

Succimer

36
Q

Succimer is also
effective in ______ and _________ poisoning, if given within a few
hours of exposure.

A

arsenic; mercury

37
Q

A water-soluble derivative of dimercaprol

A

Unithiol

38
Q

MOA of Unithiol

A

Orally or Intravenously

39
Q

causes a low incidence of dermatological reactions, usually mild

A

Unithiol

40
Q

a derivative of penicillin, another bidentate chelator

A

Penicillamine

41
Q

The major uses of penicillamine

A

treatment of copper poisoning and Wilson’s disease

42
Q

an efficient polydentate chelator of many divalent cations, including calcium, and trivalent cations

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA; edetate)

43
Q

The primary use of EDTA is in the treatment of

A

lead poisoning

44
Q

To prevent dangerous hypocalcemia, EDTA is given as the _______ ________ salt.

A

calcium disodium

45
Q

The most important adverse effect of EDTA is nephrotoxicity, including

A

renal tubular necrosis

46
Q

a polydentate bacterial product with an extremely
high and selective affinity for iron and a much lower affinity for aluminum

A

Deferoxamine

47
Q

competes poorly for heme iron in hemoglobin and cytochromes

A

Deferoxamine

48
Q

a newer tridentate
chelator with selectively high affinity for iron

A

Deferasirox

49
Q

used parenterally in the treatment of acute iron intoxication and in the treatment of iron overload caused by blood transfusion

A

Deferoxamine

50
Q

an oral drug approved for treatment of iron overload

A

Deferasirox

51
Q

Rapid intravenous administration of deferoxamine can
cause _______ release

A

histamine

52
Q

a hydrated crystalline compound in which Fe2+ and Fe3+ atoms are coordinated with cyanide groups in a cubic
lattice structure.

A

Prussian blue

53
Q

Prussian blue is approved for the treatment of contamination with radioactive ______ and intoxication
with _______ salts.

A

cesium; thallium

MT 6314 (5 decks)

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