Unit 12- DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

types of replication

A
  • conservative replication
  • dispersive replication
  • semiconservative replication
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2
Q

Mesel’s and Stahl’s experiment

A

2 isotopes of nitrogen
- 14N common form; 15N rare, heavy form
- E coli were grown in 15N then to 14N media
- grown E.coli were centrifuged (density gradient)

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3
Q

replicons

A

units of replication (how long from 1 origin of replication)

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4
Q

theta replication

A

circular DNA, E. Coli; single origin of replication forming a replication fork, and it is usually bidirectional replication

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5
Q

rolling-circle replication

A

virus, F factor of E.Coli; single origin of replication (cut one side DNA and synthesize, pealing off strand. peeled off strand loops and is copied)

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6
Q

linear eukaryotic replication

A
  • eukaryotic cells
  • thousands of origins
  • a typical replicon: ~200000-300000 bp
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7
Q

requirements of eukaryotic replication

A
  • a template strand
  • raw material: nucleotides (dNTPs)
  • enzymes and other proteins
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8
Q

Direction of replication

A
  • DNA polymerase adds nucleotides only to the 3’ end of growing strand
  • replication can only go from 5’ to 3’
    (5’ end: phosphate side
    3’ end: OH end)
  • continuous and discontinuous replication
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9
Q

leading strand

A

undergoes cont replication

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10
Q

lagging strand

A

undergoes discontinuous replication

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11
Q

okazaki fragments

A

discontinuously synthesized short DNA fragments forming the lagging strand

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12
Q

indicator protein

A

binds to origin and seperates strands of DNA to initiate replication

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13
Q

DNA helicase

A

unwinds DNA at replication fork

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14
Q

single-stranded-binding proteins (SSBPs)

A

attach to sing-stranded DNA and prevent secondary structures from forming

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15
Q

DNA gyrase (toperasomerase)

A

moves ahead of replication fork, making and resealing breaks in the double -helical DNA to RELEASE the TORQUE that builds up as a result of unwinding

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16
Q

DNA primase

A

synthesizes a short RNA PRIMER to provide a 3’-OH group for the attachment of DNA nuclotides (* multiple for lagging)

17
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

elongates a new nucleotide strand from the 3’ (moves 3’ to 5’)(new DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction)

18
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA

19
Q

DNA ligase

A

joins okazaki fragments by sealing breaks in sugar-phosphate backbone

20
Q

*Heteroplasmy

A

when a cell has mitochondria/chloroplast that have different genes in each

21
Q

origin-recognition complex (ORC)

A

binds to replication start site to initiate DNA replication
- recruits and loads helicase
- not needed in Eukaryotes

22
Q

DNA polymerase delta

A

lagging-strand synthesis, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis

23
Q

DNA polymerase epsilon

A

leading-strand synthesis

24
Q

end-replication problem

A

end cant be synthesized on lagging strand as Primase doesn’t have enough space to bind and replicate ending

25
telomerase
complement RNA template that attaches to end and overhangs. New DNA is build off overhang. Enough space for Primase to synthesize.