Unit 12

Question 1

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.

Answer 1

Psychological Disorder

Question 2

A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Answer 2

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Question 3

The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.

Answer 3

Medical Model

Question 4

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Answer 4

DSM-5

Question 5

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Answer 5

Anxiety Disorders

Question 6

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Answer 6

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Question 7

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a possible next attack.

Answer 7

Panic Disorder

Question 8

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Answer 8

Phobia

Question 9

Intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such. (Formerly called social phobia.)

Answer 9

Social Anxiety Disorder

Question 10

Fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide-open spaces, where one has felt loss of control and panic.

Answer 10

Agoraphobia

Question 11

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

Answer 11

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Question 12

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Answer 12

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Question 13

Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.

Answer 13

Post-Traumatic Growth

Question 14

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. Includes major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.

Answer 14

Mood Disorders

Question 15

A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.

Answer 15

Major Depressive Disorder

Question 16

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Answer 16

Mania

Question 17

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Answer 17

Mania

Question 18

A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)

Answer 18

Bipolar Disorder

Question 19

Compulsive fretting; overthinking about one’s problems and their causes.

Answer 19

Rumination

Question 20

A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression.

Answer 20

Schizophrenia

Question 21

A psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions.

Answer 21

Psychosis

Question 22

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

Answer 22

Delusions

Question 23

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a static (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.

Answer 23

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Question 24

A disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found. (Also called functional neurological symptom disorder.)

Answer 24

Conversion Disorder

Question 25

A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease. (Formerly called hypochondriasis.)

Answer 25

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Question 26

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Answer 26

Dissociative Disorders

Question 27

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.

Answer 27

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Question 28

An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15% or more) underweight.

Answer 28

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 29

An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting.

Answer 29

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 30

Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa.

Answer 30

Binge-Eating Disorder

Question 31

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Answer 31

Personality Disorders

Question 32

A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Answer 32

Antisocial Personality Disorder