Modules 28 & 29

Question 1

A system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension.

Answer 1

Biofeedback

Question 2

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus.

Answer 2

Respondent Behavior

Question 3

Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences.

Answer 3

Operant Behavior

Question 4

A mental representation of the layout of one’s environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a ________ ___ of it.

Answer 4

Cognitive Map

Question 5

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.

Answer 5

Latent Learning

Question 6

A sudden realization of a problem’s solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions.

Answer 6

Insight

Question 7

A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake.

Answer 7

Intrinsic Motivation

Question 8

A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.

Answer 8

Extrinsic Motivation

Question 9

Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods.

Answer 9

Coping

Question 10

Attempting to alleviate stress directly–by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor.

Answer 10

Problem-Focused Coping

Question 11

Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one’s stress reaction.

Answer 11

Emotion-Focused Coping

Question 12

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events.

Answer 12

Learned Helplessness

Question 13

The perception that chance or outside forces beyone our personal control determine our fate.

Answer 13

External Locus of Control

Question 14

The perception that you control your own fate.

Answer 14

Internal Locus of Control

Question 15

The ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards.

Answer 15

Self-Control

Question 16

Learning by observing others. (Also called social learning.)

Answer 16

Observational Learning

Question 17

The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.

Answer 17

Modeling

Question 18

The frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain’s mirroring of another’s action may enable imitation and empathy.

Answer 18

Mirror Neurons

Question 19

Positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior.

Answer 19

Prosocial Behavior