Unit 11: intelligence

Question 1

mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

Answer 1

Intelligence

Question 2

a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.

Answer 2

intelligence test

Question 3

A general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.

Answer 3

General Intelligence

Question 4

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score.

Answer 4

Factor Analysis

Question 5

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.

Answer 5

Savant Syndrome

Question 6

In psychology, _____ is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

Answer 6

Grit

Question 7

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.

Answer 7

Emotional Intelligence

Question 8

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a _____ ____ of 8.

Answer 8

Mental Age

Question 9

The widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test.

Answer 9

Stanford-Binet

Question 10

Defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, __ = ma/ca x 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100, with scores assigned to relative performance above or below average.

Answer 10

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Question 11

A test designed to assess what a person has learned.

Answer 11

Achievement Test

Question 12

A test designed to predict a person’s future performance; the capacity to learn.

Answer 12

Aptitude Test

Question 13

The most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.

Answer 13

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Question 14

Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.

Answer 14

Standardization

Question 15

(normal distribution) a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68% fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes.

Answer 15

Normal Curve

Question 16

The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting.

Answer 16

Reliability

Question 17

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

Answer 17

Validity

Question 18

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest.

Answer 18

Content Validity

Question 19

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Also called criterion-related validity)

Answer 19

Predictive Validity

Question 20

A group of people from a given time period.

Answer 20

Cohort

Question 21

Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.

Answer 21

Crystallized Intelligence

Question 22

Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.

Answer 22

Fluid Intelligence

Question 23

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life. (Formerly referred to as mental retardation.)

Answer 23

Intellectual Disability

Question 24

A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Answer 24

Down Syndrome

Question 25

The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The ________ of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.

Answer 25

Heritability

Question 26

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

Answer 26

Stereotype Threat