Unit 12 & 13- Disorders Flashcards
Define Psychopathology
Any pattern of emotions, behaviors, or thoughts inappropriate to the situation and leading to personal distress or the inability to achieve important goals. Other terms having essentially the same meaning include mental illness, mental disorder, and psychological disorder.
What symptoms of severe psychopathology do clinicians look for?
Hallucinations-Delusions-Extreme Affective Disturbances (HDE)
Define Hallucinations
False sensory experiences that may suggest mental disorder. Hallucinations can have other causes, such as drugs or sensory isolation.
Define Delusions
Extreme disorders of thinking, involving persistent false beliefs. Delusions are the hallmark of paranoid disorders.
Define Affect
a term referring to emotion or mood.
The medical model takes a “_____” view, while psychology sees psychological disorders as an interaction of _____, _____, _____, and _____ factors.
Disease-Biological-Mental-Social-Behavioral
Hippocrates taught his disciples to interpret the symptoms of psychopathology as an imbalance among four body fluids called “_____”
Humors; Blood-Phlegm-Black Bile- Yellow Bile BPBY
Define Medical Model
The view that mental disorders are diseases that, like ordinary physical diseases, have objective physical causes and require specific treatments.
Modern psychologists think that the medical model has its own weaknesses. They point out that the assumption of “disease” leads to a _____ approach in which the therapist takes all the responsibility for diagnosing the illness and prescribing treatment.
Doctor-knows-best
Define Social-Cognitive-Behavioral Approach
a psychological alternative to the medical model that views psychological disorder through a combination of the social, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives.
Clinicians look for the following more subtle signs that may also indicate psychological disturbances, ranging from mild to severe:
Distress-Maladaptiveness-Irrationality-Unpredictability-Unconventionality and undesirable behavior. DMI3U
Define DSM-IV
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association; the classification system most widely accepted psychiatric in the United States.
The DSM-IV, the most widely used system, classifies disorders by their _____.
Mental and Behavioral symptoms
Define Neurosis
Before the DSM-IV, this term was used as a label for subjective distress or self-defeating behavior that did not show signs of brain abnormalities or grossly irrational thinking.
Define Psychosis
a disorder involving profound disturbances in perception, rational thinking, or affect. PRA
Define Mood Disorders
Abnormal disturbances in emotion or mood, including bipolar disorder and unipolar disorder. Mood disorders are also called affective disorders.
Define Major Depression
A form of depression that does not alternate with mania.
Define Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Technically seasonal pattern specifier, this DSM-IV course specifier for mood disorders is believed to be a form of depression caused by deprivation of sunlight. The term “course specifier” is used to describe how a disorder progresses.
Define Bipolar Disorder
A mental abnormality involving swings of mood from mania to depression.
Define Anxiety Disorders
Mental problems characterized mainly by anxiety. Anxiety disorders include panic disorder, specific phobias, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. PPO
Define Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A psychological problem characterized by persistent and pervasive feelings of anxiety, without any external cause.
Define Panic Disorder
A disturbance marked by panic attacks that have no obvious connection with events in the person’s present experience. Unlike generalized anxiety disorder, the victim is usually free of anxiety between panic attacks.
Define Agoraphobia
A fear of public places and open spaces, commonly accompanying panic disorder.
Define Phobias
A group of anxiety disorders involving a pathological fear of a specific object or situation.
Define Preparedness Hypothesis
The notion that we have an innate tendency, acquired through natural selection, to respond quickly and automatically to stimuli that posed a survival threat to our ancestors.
Define Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A condition characterized by patterns of persistent, unwanted thoughts and behaviors.
Define Somatoform Disorders
Psychological problems appearing in the form of bodily symptoms or physical complaints, such as weakness or excessive worry about disease. The somatoform disorders include conversion disorder and hypochondriasis. CH
Define Conversion Disorder
A type of somatoform disorder, marked by paralysis, weakness, or loss of sensation but with no discernible physical cause. PWL
Define Hypochondriasis
A somatoform disorder involving excessive concern about health and disease; also called hypochondria.
Define Dissociative Disorders
A group of pathologies involving “fragmentation” of the personality, in which some parts of the personality have become detached, or dissociated, from other parts.
Define Dissociative Amnesia
A psychologically induced loss of memory for personal information, such as one’s identity or residence.
Define Dissociative Fugue
Essentially the same as dissociative amnesia, but with the addition of “flight” from one’s home, family, and job.
Define Depersonalization Disorder
An abnormality involving the sensation that mind and body have separated, as in an “out-of-body” experience.
Define Dissociative Identity Disorder
A condition in which an individual displays multiple identities, or personalities; formerly called “multiple personality disorder”.
Define Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that involves persistent loss of appetite that endangers an individual’s health and stems from emotional or psychological reasons rather than from organic causes.
Define Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by eating binges followed by “purges” induced by vomiting or laxatives; typically initiated as a weight-control measure.
