Unit 1.1a - skeletal and muscular system

Question 1

Explain how joint type and length of surrounding connective tissue affect flexibility. (2)

Answer 1

Joint type:
- shape of articulating bones affects the number of planes that a joint can move in
- ball and socket joints have the greatest range of movement/ move in more/ 3 planes due to shape of bones
(compared to hinge/ condyloid joint or opp.)

Length of connective tissue:
- the greater the length, the greater the range of movement before the
stretch reflex is initiated/ further movement is prevented

Question 2

Complete the table to analyse the action of the latissimus dorsi in the upward and downward
phases of the pull up. (5)

first row across:
Phase of pull up, Joint movement, Role of latissimus dorsi, Type of contraction
second row across:
Upward phase: ……. Agonist ……..
third row across:
Downward phase: ……. ……. ……..

Answer 2

first row across:
Phase of pull up, Joint movement, Role of latissimus dorsi, Type of contraction
second row across:
Upward phase: Adduction Agonist Concentric
third row across:
Downward phase: Abduction Agonist Eccentric

Question 3

what is the movement at the knee joint, the agonist muscle at the knee joint and plane of movement at the knee joint, when performing the upwards phase of a leg curl (3)

Answer 3

• Movement: Flexion
• Agonist muscle: Biceps Femoris or semi-membranosus or semi-tendinosus
• Plane of movement: Sagittal

Question 4

Name one agonist and one antagonist at the ankle joint at the point of take-off during a vertical
jump. (2)

Answer 4

• agonist – gastrocnemius/soleus
• antagonist – tibialis anterior