Unit 10- Blood

Question 1

What are antibodies? And what makes them

Answer 1

Proteins that bind to and destroy foreign substances

Plasma cells and B cells make them

Question 2

What are red blood cells?

Answer 2

Erythrocytes that carry O2 and CO2 and contains hemoglobin

ANUCLEATE

Question 3

What’s the life span of red blood cells?

Answer 3

120 days

Question 4

What makes red blood cells and how much are made every day?

Answer 4

Bone marrow produces 180 million red blood cells a day

Question 5

What are platelets?

Answer 5

Cell fragments involved in blood clotting that clump together at sites of injury

Question 6

What is the term for blood clotting and how does it work?

Answer 6

Hemostasis
First platelets go to site to cover injury 
then thromboplastin is released
Then prothrombin turns to thrombin
Then fibrinogen turns to fibrin (scab)

Question 7

What are white blood cells?

Answer 7

Leukocytes found in body’s tissues rather than blood

Question 8

How do white blood cells move?

Answer 8

Pseudopia

Question 9

What are the arms of the white blood cell that engulf the bacteria? And what’s this all called

Answer 9

They are pseudopods and the action is called phagocytosis

Question 10

What do T cells and B cells do

Answer 10

T cells- destroys viruses and cancer

B cells- produce antibodies

Question 11

What is a pathogen?

Answer 11

Bacteria fungus or virus that causes diseases

Question 12

What are the three proteins in plasma?

Answer 12

Albumins
Globulin
Fibrinogen

Question 13

What are the three lines of defends in the immune system?

Answer 13

First line- body protects itself using physical and chemical barriers (skin sweat tears saliva)
Second Line- inflammatory response (swelling, redness, pain) histamine released for mosquito bite or cat scratch
Third Line- means body is losing and in trouble

Question 14

What is histamine

Answer 14

A substance released in the second line of defence to cause leakiness of cells causing puffiness

Question 15

What are the four descriptors of third line of defence?

Answer 15

Recognition, attack, destruction, and memory

Question 16

What are antigens?

Answer 16

Any substance that can cause an immune response

Question 17

What are the three major functions of blood?

Answer 17

Transportation
Regulation
Protection

Question 18

What are helper T cells?

Answer 18

Cells that trigger B cells to become plasma cells and make antibodies

Question 19

What’s the difference between t memory cells and b memory cells?

Answer 19

B cells produce small amounts of antibodies for years after an infection so they can rapidly re multiply if infected again and T cells remain in lymph nodes for years and will clone T cells so virus can be recognized

Question 20

What is a macrophage?

Answer 20

White blood Cell that engulfs pathogen and displays the antigen to show body what to fight

Question 21

Why doesn’t our immune system destroy our own cells?

Answer 21

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) which are a unique set of proteins which detect our own self cells

Question 22

What are the two types of immunity and what’s the difference?

Answer 22

Active- body produces own antibodies for disease

Passive- temporary immunity where antibodies are given to us via vaccination

Question 23

What is RH factor?

Answer 23

An antigen on the red blood cell

85 percent have it

Question 24

Why is O blood universal?

Answer 24

O makes both A and B antibodies which can work with all blood types Because the rest only have A and B antigens

Question 25

What antigens does A blood make?

Answer 25

A

Question 26

What are autoimmune diseases?

Answer 26

When the body can’t recognize self cells so B and T cells attack the body