Unit 10- Blood Flashcards
What are antibodies? And what makes them
Proteins that bind to and destroy foreign substances
Plasma cells and B cells make them
What are red blood cells?
Erythrocytes that carry O2 and CO2 and contains hemoglobin
ANUCLEATE
What’s the life span of red blood cells?
120 days
What makes red blood cells and how much are made every day?
Bone marrow produces 180 million red blood cells a day
What are platelets?
Cell fragments involved in blood clotting that clump together at sites of injury
What is the term for blood clotting and how does it work?
Hemostasis First platelets go to site to cover injury then thromboplastin is released Then prothrombin turns to thrombin Then fibrinogen turns to fibrin (scab)
What are white blood cells?
Leukocytes found in body’s tissues rather than blood
How do white blood cells move?
Pseudopia
What are the arms of the white blood cell that engulf the bacteria? And what’s this all called
They are pseudopods and the action is called phagocytosis
What do T cells and B cells do
T cells- destroys viruses and cancer
B cells- produce antibodies
What is a pathogen?
Bacteria fungus or virus that causes diseases
What are the three proteins in plasma?
Albumins
Globulin
Fibrinogen
What are the three lines of defends in the immune system?
First line- body protects itself using physical and chemical barriers (skin sweat tears saliva)
Second Line- inflammatory response (swelling, redness, pain) histamine released for mosquito bite or cat scratch
Third Line- means body is losing and in trouble
What is histamine
A substance released in the second line of defence to cause leakiness of cells causing puffiness
What are the four descriptors of third line of defence?
Recognition, attack, destruction, and memory
What are antigens?
Any substance that can cause an immune response
What are the three major functions of blood?
Transportation
Regulation
Protection
What are helper T cells?
Cells that trigger B cells to become plasma cells and make antibodies
What’s the difference between t memory cells and b memory cells?
B cells produce small amounts of antibodies for years after an infection so they can rapidly re multiply if infected again and T cells remain in lymph nodes for years and will clone T cells so virus can be recognized
What is a macrophage?
White blood Cell that engulfs pathogen and displays the antigen to show body what to fight
Why doesn’t our immune system destroy our own cells?
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) which are a unique set of proteins which detect our own self cells
What are the two types of immunity and what’s the difference?
Active- body produces own antibodies for disease
Passive- temporary immunity where antibodies are given to us via vaccination
What is RH factor?
An antigen on the red blood cell
85 percent have it
Why is O blood universal?
O makes both A and B antibodies which can work with all blood types Because the rest only have A and B antigens
What antigens does A blood make?
A
What are autoimmune diseases?
When the body can’t recognize self cells so B and T cells attack the body
