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Business A Level > Unit 10 > Flashcards

Unit 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What can Lewin’s force field analysis be used for?

A
  • Investigate the balance of power involved in an issue
  • Identify the key stakeholders in an issue
  • Identify the allies and opponents
  • Identify how to influence that target groups
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2
Q

Lewin’s force field analysis for change? (Internal)

A
  • Need to keep up with competition
  • New owners
  • Complaints
  • Poor performance
  • Increase profitability
  • Conflict between departments
  • Natural decline in the business
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3
Q

Lewin’s force field analysis for change? (External)

A
  • Higher taxes
  • Higher cost of inputs
  • Greater competition
  • Globalisation
  • Scarcity
  • Uncertain economic decision
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4
Q

Organisational barriers to change?

A
  • Structural inertia
  • Existing power structures
  • Resistance from work groups
  • Failure of previous change initiatives
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5
Q

Positives for change?

A
  • Economic recovery
  • Businesses lead change
  • Some changes may be planned/known
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6
Q

Why are some businesses better at adapting to change?

A

Business that are more agile

  • Restructuring
  • Delayering
  • Flexible contracts
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7
Q

Kotter & Schlesinger model?

A

4 Main Reasons for Why Change is Resisted

  • Self-interest
  • Different Assessment of the Situation
  • Low tolerance for change and inertia
  • Misinformation and misunderstanding
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8
Q

What is self-interest?

A

Protect their own self-interest
Think they may be worse off
Lack knowledge and skills

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9
Q

What is low tolerance and inertia?

A

People prefer things the way they are

Comfort zone

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10
Q

What is different assessment of the situation?

A

People think its the wrong decision

Better idea

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11
Q

What is misunderstanding and misinformation?

A

Not understand why change is needed

Employees don’t appreciate it

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12
Q

How can change resistance be over come?

A
  • Education and communication
  • Participation and Involvement
  • Facilitation and Support
  • Manipulation and Cooperation
  • Negotiating and Bargaining
  • Explicit and Implicit Coercion
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13
Q

What determines the culture of a business?

A
  • Values
  • Attitudes
  • Beliefs
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14
Q

How can culture be demonstrated?

A
  • Stories
  • Rituals
  • Reward system
  • Physical environment
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15
Q

Handy’s model of culture?

A

Power
Role
Task
Person

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16
Q

What is power culture?

A
  • Few key people at the centre of the organisation
  • They make all major decisions
  • Employees refer back for decisions to be made
  • Common in small businesses
  • Quick decision making
17
Q

What is role culture?

A
  • Individuals have a clear role
  • Identify with a particular department
  • As businesses can become more formalised
  • Creates order and structure
18
Q

What is task culture?

A
  • Individuals have a specific task

- Common with many projects

19
Q

What is person culture?

A
  • Individuals have their own space
  • Respects individual expertise
  • Not consistent approach
  • Senior managers place trust
20
Q

Hofstede’s national cultures?

A
  • Power distance
  • Long-term orientation
  • Uncertainty avoidance
  • Masculinity/femininity
  • Individualism and collectivism
21
Q

What is individualism and collectivism?

A
  • Value individuals or team player
22
Q

What is power distance?

A
  • Clear sense of rank and status
  • Is position important of what you contribute
  • Hinders those trying to climb the hierarchy
23
Q

What is short termism vs long termism?

A
  • Impacts upon investment decision
  • Profitability
  • Processes and procedures
24
Q

What is masculinity vs femininity?

A

Masculine traits - work, competitive, winning

Feminine traits - relationship centered, caring

25
Q

What is uncertainty avoidance?

A
  • Comfort levels with uncertainty

- Freedom to approach task

26
Q

What influences the culture of an organisation?

A
  • History for the business
  • Current leadership
  • Society in general
  • Experience and performance of the business
  • Ownership
27
Q

Why are cultures changed?

A
  • New leadership
  • Societys values change
  • Performance of the business suffers
  • New ownership
28
Q

Issues with changing culture?

A
  • Challenging how things are done
  • Peoples beliefs
  • May involve training/education
  • Large numbers of people in different locations

Business A Level (11 decks)

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