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ITAL Exam 4 > Unit 10 > Flashcards

Unit 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Fare definition and present-tense conjugations

A

fare means to make/do

  1. io = faccio
  2. tu = fai
  3. l/l/L = fa
  4. noi = facciamo
  5. voi = fate
  6. loro = fanno
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2
Q

Lasciare definition and present-tense conjugation

A

lasciare means to allow/let someone do something

conjugated like regular -are verb!

  1. io = lascio
  2. tu = lasci
  3. l/l/L = lascia
  4. noi = lasciamo
  5. voi = lasciate
  6. loro = lasciono
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3
Q

What’re infinitive constructions?

A

infinitive constructions are a conjugated verb + infinitive.

The conjugated verb is either

  1. followed by NOTHING (10 words-Amy)
    • sai suonare = you know how to play
  2. followed by preposition “a” (10 words-Alicia)
    • andiamo a comprare = we go to buy
  3. followed by preposition “di” (10 words-Carly)
    • spera di fare = she hopes to make
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4
Q

What does the infinitive verb mean?

A

it’s the present tense version of the verb.

it means:

  1. “to verb”
  2. “verb-ing”
  3. verb
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5
Q

For infinitive constructions, which verbs are followed directly by the infinitive (don’t need preposition)? (10)

A

*First Femme Mmemonic: Amy Desired MOney For Living in her Pink Paris Studio (10)

  1. Amare = to love
  2. Desiderare = to desire
  3. MOdal verbs = dovere, potere, volere
  4. Fare
  5. Lasciare
  6. Piacere = to please/like
  7. Preferire = to prefer
  8. Sapere = to know facts, info, skills
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6
Q

How do you form an infinitive construction in which one subject MAKES OR ALLOWS ANOTHER to do something?

eg. My mother used to make me play the piano

A

if the infinitive has a physical direct object (DO), subj. 2 becomes the indirect object pronoun in front

  1. “fare” + infinitive
    • subj. MAKES another do something
    • eg. mia madre faceva fare suonare piano = my mother used to make me play the piano
  2. “lasciare” + infinitive
    • subj. ALLOWS another to do something
    • eg. mia madre lascia esco con le mie amiche = my mother allows me to go out with friends
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7
Q

How to say “subject MAKES another do something”?

eg. My mother used to make me play the piano

A
  1. “fare” + infinitive means subj. 1 MAKES subj. 2 do something
  2. if the infinitive has a physical direct object (DO), subj. 2 becomes the indirect object pronoun in front
  3. eg. mia madre faceva fare suonare piano = my mother used to make me play the piano
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8
Q

How to say “subject ALLOWS another do something”?

eg. my mother allows me to go out with friends

A
  1. “lasciare” + infinitive subj. 1 ALLOWS subj. 2 to do something
  2. if the infinitive has a physical direct object (DO), subj. 2 becomes the indirect object pronoun in front
  3. eg. mia madre lascia esco con le mie amiche = my mother allows me to go out with friends
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9
Q

Review DO and IDO pronouns FC!

A

Done :)

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10
Q

For infinitive constructions, which verbs need the preposition “a” between it and the infinitive? (10)

verb + a + infinitive

A
  • Second Femme Pageantry Mmemonic (AACCIIPMVS)
    • Alicia the Angel Continued to Compete in International Invitationals, Preparing to Meet the Volunteers Serving as judges
  1. Aiutare = to help
  2. Andare
  3. Cominciare = to begin
  4. Continuare = to continue
  5. Insegnare = to teach
  6. Invitare = to invite
  7. Prepararsi = to prepare yourself
  8. Mettersi = to put on
  9. Venire
  10. Servire = to serve as useful for
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11
Q

For infinitive constructions, which verbs need the preposition “di” between it and the infinitive? (10)

verb + di + infinitive

A
  • Third Femme Pageantry Mmemonic (CCCDDDPRSS)
    • Carly Coveted the Crown, Deciding to Dance and Dj Pink for Required Skills Solo
  1. Cercare = to try
  2. Chiedere = to ask
  3. Credere = to believe
  4. Decidere = to decide
  5. Dimenticare
  6. Dire
  7. Pensare = to plan
  8. Ricordare = to remember
  9. Smettere = to stop
  10. Sperare = to hope
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12
Q

is afraid to (do verb)

eg. Sara is afraid to perform

A

“avere” paura di + infinitive

eg. Sara ha paura di recitare = Sara is afraid to perform

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13
Q

feel like (doing verb)

eg. We feel like listening to Lil Nas X

A

“avere” voglia di + infinitive

eg. Abbiamo voglia di ascoltare Lil Nas X = we feel like listening to lil nas x

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14
Q

intend to (do verb)

eg. Do you intend to watch il Palio?

A

“avere” intenzione di + infinitive

eg. Hai intenzione di guardare il Palio? = do you intend to watch the palio?

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15
Q

How do you say “is (adjective) of/to (verb)”

eg. I am happy to eat pasta with pesto
I am sad to eat fried foods

A

“ESSERE” + adjective + DI + infinitive

  1. Sono felice di mangiare la pasta con pesto
    • I am happy to eat pasta with pesto
  2. Sono triste di mangiare cibi fritti
    • I am sad to eat fried foods
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16
Q

amare definition and infinitive construction?

A

to love, NO PREPOSITION in the infinitive construction

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17
Q

desiderare definition and infinitive construction?

A

to desire, NO PREPOSITION in the infinitive construction

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18
Q

dovere definition and infinitive construction?

A

implies duty, to must.

NO PREPOSITION in the infinitive construction

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19
Q

lasciare definition and infinitive construction?

A

lasciare means TO LET/ALLOW

NO PREPOSITION in the infinitive construction

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20
Q

aiutare definition and infinitive construction?

A

aiutare means to help, use the PREPOSITION “A” in the infinitive construction

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21
Q

insegnare definition and infinitive construction?

A

insegnare means to teach, use the PREPOSITION “A” in the infinitive construction

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22
Q

mettersi definition and infinitive construction?

A

mettersi means to start

use the PREPOSITION “A” in the infinitive construction

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23
Q

servire definition and infinitive construction?

A

servire means to serve as useful for

use the PREPOSITION “A” in the infinitive construction

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24
Q

cercare definition and infinitive construction?

A

cercare means TO TRY

use the preposition “DI” in the infinitive construction

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25
Q

chiedere definition and infinitive construction?

A

chiedere means to ASK

use the preposition “DI” in the infinitive construction

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26
Q

credere definition and infinitive construction?

A

credere means (it’s credible) to BELIEVE

use the preposition “DI” in the infinitive construction

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27
Q

decidere definition and infinitive construction?

A

decidere means to DECIDE

use the preposition “DI” in the infinitive construction

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28
Q

dimenticare definition and infinitive construction?

A

dimenticare means to FORGET

use the preposition “DI” in the infinitive construction

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29
Q

pensare definition and infinitive construction?

A

pensare means to PLAN

use the preposition “DI” in the infinitive construction

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30
Q

ricordare definition and infinitive construction?

A

ricordare means to (record it in your brain) REMEMBER

use the preposition “DI” in the infinitive construction

31
Q

smettere definition and infinitive construction?

A

smettere means to STOP

use the preposition “DI” in the infinitive construction

32
Q

sperare definition and infinitive construction?

A

sperare means to HOPE

use the preposition “DI” in the infinitive construction

33
Q

How do you form the passato prossimo of mettere and smettere?

A
  1. mettere = messo
  2. smettere = smesso
  3. if they’re reflexive, don’t forget to use “ESSERE” and conjugate the past participle based on subject’s gender/plurality!
34
Q

How do you conjugate nouns that end in “-ma”?

eg. problema, aroma, poema

A
  1. They are MASCULINE
  2. you have to use the masculine article/adjective
  3. the plural is “-mi”
    eg. problemi, aromi, peomi
35
Q

What’re these definitions and how to conjugate?

  1. clima
  2. dramma
  3. panorama
A

nouns that end in “-ma” are MASCULINE, so use the masculine ARTICLE/ADJECTIVE with them!

  1. climate
  2. drama, play
  3. panorama, landscape
36
Q

What’re these definitions and how to conjugate?

  1. problema
  2. programma
  3. tema
A

nouns that end in “-ma” are MASCULINE, so use the masculine ARTICLE/ADJECTIVE with them!

  1. problem
  2. program, plan
  3. theme, essay
37
Q

How do nouns and adjectives ending in “-ista” work?

eg. dentista, violinista

A
  1. “-ista” is their ONLY SINGULAR form!
  2. for plural, conjugate “i/e” depending on gender
    eg. male dentists = dentisti, female violinists = violiniste
38
Q

Which types of irregular nouns usually are MASCULINE in the singular and FEMININE in the plural?

A
  1. most are BODY PARTS
  2. plural: le is the definite article, and end in “-a” instead of e

eg.

  1. arms (il braccio -> le braccia)
  2. fingers: il dito -> le dita
39
Q

ears, singular and plural

A
  1. l’orecchio

2. le orecchie

40
Q

hand, singular and plural

A

This noun weirdly blends both male and female articles + endings!

  1. la mano
  2. le mani
41
Q

What’s the gerundio?

A

the gerund

  • you use it to emphasize that an action is IN PROGRESS
  • means subj is VERB-ING (past or present)
  • eg. sto facendo compiti = I am doing homework
42
Q

How do you form the gerundio/forma progressiva?

A
  1. -are becomes -ando, -ere/ire becomes -endo

ignore below for exam 4

  1. present-tense: action is currently in progress
    • “stare” + gerund
  2. past-tense: action was in progress
    • “imperfetto stare” + gerund
  3. insert object/reflexive pronouns before “stare” or to end of the gerundio
43
Q

form the past gerund with tu:
1. girare

  1. dipingere
  2. scolpire
A
  • Remember past-tense structure: “imperfetto stare” + gerund
    1. girare -> stavi girando
    2. dipingere -> stavi dipingendo
    3. scolpire -> stavi scolpendo
44
Q

form the present gerund with noi:

  1. bere
  2. fare
A
  • Remember bere, fare, dire, tradurre are IRREGULAR (Gerald is Doing a Translation to Italian to Say he’s Drinking white claw!)
    1. bere -> stiamo bevendo
    2. fare -> stiamo facendo
45
Q

form the present gerund with loro:

  1. tradurre
  2. dire
A
  • Remember bere, fare, dire, tradurre are IRREGULAR (Gerald is Doing a Translation to Italian to Say he’s Drinking white claw!)
    3. tradurre (to translate) -> stanno traduCendo!
    4. dire -> stanno dicendo
46
Q

What’re the irregular gerundio forms?

A

*Mmemonic: Gerald is Doing a Translation to Italian to Say he’s Drinking white claw!

These 4 irregular gerunds are similar to the imperfetto!

  1. fare becomes facendo
  2. tradurre (to translate) becomes TRADUCENDO
  3. dire becomes dicendo
  4. bere becomes bevendo
47
Q

to translate and gerund conjugation

A

tradurre means to translate

it has irregular gerund conjugation: TRADUCENDO

48
Q

What’s the forma progressiva?

A
  1. It’s the PRESENT tense form of the GERUND!
  2. for an action is currently in progress
  3. structure: “stare” + gerund
    - eg. sto facendo compiti = I am currently doing homework
49
Q

What do you do in cases where an English word ending in -ing is used as the subject as sentence instead of the verb?

eg. GOING to the cinema is my favorite pastime

A

Use the INFINITIVE version of the verb!

eg. Andare al cinema è il mio passatempo preferito

50
Q

Present Gerundio: What’re the present-tense “stare” conjugations?

A
  1. io = sto
  2. tu = stai
  3. l/l/L = sta
  4. noi = stiamo
  5. voi = state
  6. loro = stanno
51
Q

Past Gerundio: What’re the imperfetto “stare” conjugations?

A
  1. io = stavo
  2. tu = stavi
  3. l/l/L = stava
  4. noi = staVAMO
  5. voi = stavate
  6. loro = STAVANO
52
Q

What’re “i numeri ordinali”?

A
  1. the ordinal numbers are ADJECTIVES that indicate the ORDER AND RANK of things!
  2. so you have to conjugate based on subject’s gender and plurality
    - eg. first two films = primi due film
53
Q

What’re the ordinal numbers 1-10?

A
  1. primo = first
  2. secondo = second
  3. terzo = third
  4. quarto = fourth
  5. quinto = fifth
  6. sesto = sixth
  7. settimo = seventh
  8. ottavo = eighth
  9. nono = ninth
  10. decimo = tenth
54
Q

How do you form the ordinal numbers?

  • VERY IMPORTANT!
    eg. 26, 82, 33
A
  1. Ordinal numbers are ADJECTIVES so you have to conjugate based on subject’s gender and plurality (see superscript o/a/i/e!)
  2. if 1-10, use the special term
  3. if 11+, drop the final vowel (except keep for 3 and 6) and add the “-esimo” suffix
    eg. 26 = ventiseiesimo, 82 = ottantaduesimo, 33 = trentatreesimo
55
Q

What types of words can you modify with descriptive suffixes?

A

you can add descriptive suffixes to

  1. nouns
  2. adjectives
  3. proper names

eg. little brother = fratellino, bellina = cute

56
Q

How do you form the descriptive suffix?

  • VERY IMPORTANT! Don’t need to form just recognize!
    eg. little books, long letters
A
  1. drop the final vowel of the base word
  2. add the suffix
  3. conjugate based on the subject’s GENDER AND PLURALITY!
    eg. librini (little books), letterone (long letters)
57
Q

What’re the categories of descriptive suffixes? (3)

*VERY IMPORTANT!

A
  1. indicate smallness and affection
    • ello/a
    • etto/a
    • ino/a
    • uccio/a
  2. indicate largeness and importance
    • *remember lione are large
    • singular: -one/a
    • plural: -oni/e
  3. indicate insulting connotation
    • accio/a
58
Q

Primo category of descriptive suffixes

How do you indicate smallness and affection? (4)

eg. little house

A

indicate smallness and affection (4)

  1. -ello/a
    • think Ella
  2. -etto/a
    • think cornetto
  3. -ino/a
    • uccio/a
      • think puccio like a doggy!

eg. casette (little house)

59
Q

Secondo category of descriptive suffixes

How do you indicate largeness and importance?

eg. big books

A

indicate largeness and importance with: -ONE/A. *remember lione are large

  1. singular: -one/a
  2. plural: -oni/e

eg. libroni (big books)

60
Q

Terzo category of descriptive suffixes

How do you indicate insulting connotation?

eg. bad weather

A

indicate insulting connotation with -ACCIO/A

eg. il tempaccio (bad weather)

61
Q

Descriptive suffix practice: (just need to recognize)

  1. casette
  2. libroni
  3. parolacce
A
  1. little houses
    • casa + ette
  2. big books
    • libro + oni
  3. swear words
    • parola + acce
62
Q

Descriptive suffix practice:

  1. pigrone
  2. letterone
  3. giornatacce
A
  1. very lazy (individual)
    • pigro + one
  2. long letters
    • lettera + one
  3. bad days
    • giornata + acce
63
Q

Descriptive suffix practice:

  1. bellino/a
  2. caruccio/a
A
  1. cute

2. very dear

64
Q

Descriptive suffix practice:

  1. cattivello/a
  2. piccolino/a
A
  1. a bit naught is CATTIVELLO/A

4. very small is PICCOLINO/A

65
Q

Descriptive suffix practice:

  1. minestrone
  2. tempaccio
A
  1. thick soup is il MINESTRONE

6. bad weather is il TEMPACCIO

66
Q

Descriptive suffix practice:

  1. febbrone
  2. cavallino
A
  1. big fever (febbre) - It’s FEMALE so una febbre grande

8. baby horse - pony! (cavallo)

67
Q

Descriptive suffix practice:

  1. cartaccia
  2. bambinetto
A
  1. useless piece of paper (carta)

10. small baby (bambino)

68
Q

Descriptive suffix practice:

  1. la boccuccia
  2. la borsetta
A
  1. little mouth

12. small purse

69
Q

Descriptive suffix practice:

  1. il/la chiacchierone/a
  2. la manina
A
  1. chatterbox

14. small hand

70
Q

Descriptive suffix practice:

  1. il topolino
  2. il nasino
A
  1. little mouse (Mickey!): un topo piccolo

16. small nose: un naso piccolo

71
Q

How do you form the reflexive verb?

A

reflexive verb = reflexive pronoun + reflexive verb conjugation

conjugate the present-tense reflexive verbs the same as REGULAR -ARE VERBS!

alzarsi

  1. mi (alz)o
  2. ti (alz)i
  3. si (alz)a
  4. ci (alz)iamo
  5. vi (alz)ate
  6. si (alz)ano
72
Q

plural of l’ossa (bones)

A

le ossa

73
Q

plural of l’uovo (eggs)

A

le uova

74
Q

On exam 4, what’s the answer format for questions like this:

  • Che cos’è un ragazzaccio?
  • Che cos’è un omone?
A

Answer format: Un/uno/un/un’ + noun + piccolo/a, grande, or cattivo/a

  • Che cos’è un ragazzaccio? Un ragazzo cattivo
  • Che cos’è un omone? Un uomo grande

ITAL Exam 4 (5 decks)

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