Unit 1: Vocabulary Flashcards
Aztecs
A Mesoamerican civilization in Mexico
City-state structure
Mayans
A Mesoamerican civilization occuping much of Yucatan, Belize, and Guatemala.
Incans
A Mesoamerican civilization in western South America (Peru)
Ferdinand & Isabella
The monarchs of Spain who granted Colombus the ability to travel to the Americas.
Columbian Exchange
The widespread transfer of plants, animals, precious metals, commodities, culture, and slaves.
Capitalism
an economic and political system in which private owners control a country’s trade and industry for profit.
Caste system
A system that ranked races
1. Spaniards (peninsulares) – white, Spain-born
2. Crillos – offspring of Spaniards born in Americas
3. Mestizos – people of mixed European and Indigenuous ancestries
4. Mulatos – people of mixed European and African ancestries
5. Zambos – people of mixed Indigenous and African ancenstries
6. Indigenous
7. African
Great Plains Indians
Arid, largely mobile
Sioux
Northwest Indians
hunter-gatherers, dependent on ocean
Southwest Indians
hunter-gatherers, dependent on ocean
Northeast Indians
Mixed agriculture and hunter-gatherer
Southeast Indians
Mixed agriculture and Hunter-gatherer
The Three Gs
God, Glory, Gold
Three Sisters
Corn, beans, and squash
Iroquois League
6 tribes in a league
Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Caguya, Seneca, and Tuscarora
Renaissance
a period of time inwhich there were many advancements
Feudalism
in which the nobility held lands from the Crown
Caravel
a small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship
Magnetic compass
instrument for determining direction on the surface of Earth
Transatlantic slave trade
a period of forced migration and enslavement of millions of Africans
Middle passage
the section of the Colombian exchange that involved bringing enslaved people to the Americas
Conquistador
spanish conqourer
Mission
religious mission
Encomienda system
- Spanish Labor System that rewarded conquerors with the labor of conquered non-Christian people
- 1000s of non-Christian people died, allowing Conquistadors to force them to work under brutal conditions with the prospect of getting military protection and education.
